Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This article describes an unusual result of language contact occurring in North-Central Australia, where extensive long-term contact between speakers of the genetically unrelated Jingulu and Mudburra has resulted in a high degree of lexical borrowing, with little if any change to syntactic or morphological structure in either language. What is particularly unusual about this borrowing is that it is bidirectional, with almost equal numbers of words being borrowed from Jingulu into Mudburra as vice versa. This situation mirrors that of converted languages, where two varieties have come to share a grammar through contact, but retain separate lexicons. Design/methodology/approach: We use a comparative database to establish the direction of noun borrowings between these languages. Data and analysis: The comparative database consists of 871 nouns shared by Jingulu and Mudburra and also includes 571 corresponding nouns from a number of geographically and phylogenetically neighbouring languages: Wambaya, Gurindji, Jaminjung, Jaru, Warlmanpa and Warumungu. Findings/conclusions: We show that for nouns alone, Mudburra and Jingulu share 65% of their forms. What makes the Jingulu-Mudburra situation even more unusual is the relatively balanced bidirectional nature of borrowings, with 32% of shared nouns originating in Mudburra and 24.5% from Jingulu (for the remaining 43.5%, direction of borrowing could not be determined). Originality: We suggest that that this situation of bidirectional borrowing represents a hitherto unreported type of language hybridisation scenario, which we dub ‘lexical convergence’. Significance/implications: We claim that this unusual situation is the result of long-term cohabitation of the two groups, a shared cultural life and relative socio-political equality between the two groups. We venture that these may be requisite to the sort of extensive bidirectional borrowing and maintenance of individual grammatical systems found in lexical convergence more generally.

中文翻译：

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掌握镜子以适应转换后的语言：两种语法，一种词典

目的和目的/目的/研究问题：本文描述了在澳大利亚中北部发生的一种语言接触的不寻常结果，在这种情况下，与遗传无关的金格鲁和穆德布拉的讲者之间进行了长期的长期接触，导致了大量的词汇借用，两种语言的句法或形态结构几乎没有任何变化。这种借用尤其与众不同的是它是双向的，从静Jing语到Mudburra借用的单词数量几乎相等，反之亦然。这种情况反映了转换后的语言，其中两种变体通过接触来共享语法，但保留了单独的词典。设计/方法/方法：我们使用比较数据库来确定这些语言之间名词借用的方向。数据与分析：比较数据库包含Jingulu和Mudburra共有的871个名词，还包括来自许多地理和系统发育相邻语言的571个相应名词：Wambaya，Gurindji，Jaminjung，Jaru，Warlmanpa和Warumungu。结果/结论：我们显示，仅名词一个词，Mudburra和Jingulu共享其形式的65％。使Jingulu-Mudburra情况更加不寻常的是借贷的相对平衡的双向性质，共有名词的32％来自Mudburra，24.5％来自Jingulu（对于其余的43.5％，无法确定借用的方向）。独创性：我们建议双向借用的这种情况代表了迄今为止从未报告过的一种语言混合场景，我们将其称为“词汇融合”。意义/含义：我们认为，这种不寻常的情况是两个群体长期同居，两个群体共同的文化生活和相对的社会政治平等的结果。我们冒昧地认为，这些可能是广泛地双向借用和维护更普遍地出现在词汇融合中的单个语法系统所必需的。