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Introducing dominant‐currency pricing in the ECB's global macroeconomic model
International Finance ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-03 , DOI: 10.1111/infi.12361
Georgios Georgiadis 1 , Saskia Mösle 2
Affiliation  

A large share of global trade being priced and invoiced primarily in U.S. dollar rather than the exporter's or the importer's currency has important implications for the transmission of shocks. We introduce this “dominant‐currency pricing” (DCP) into ECB‐Global, the ECB's macroeconomic model for the global economy. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to incorporate DCP into a major global macroeconomic model used at central banks or international organisations. In ECB‐Global, DCP affects in particular the role of expenditure‐switching and the U.S. dollar exchange rate for spillovers: In case of a shock in a non‐U.S. economy that alters the value of its currency multilaterally, expenditure‐switching occurs only through imports; in case of a U.S. shock that alters the value of the U.S. dollar multilaterally, expenditure‐switching occurs both in non‐U.S. economies’ imports and—as these are imports of their trading partners—exports. Overall, under DCP the U.S. dollar exchange rate is a major driver of global trade, even for transactions that do not involve the United States. To illustrate the usefulness of ECB‐Global and DCP for policy analysis, we explore the implications of the euro rivalling the U.S. dollar as a second dominant currency in global trade. According to ECB‐Global, in such a scenario the global spillovers from U.S. shocks are smaller, whereas those from euro area shocks are amplified; domestic euro area monetary policy effectiveness is hardly affected by the euro becoming a second globally dominant currency in trade.

中文翻译:

在欧洲央行的全球宏观经济模型中引入主导货币定价

全球贸易中很大一部分主要以美元而不是出口商或进口商的货币计价和开具发票,这对冲击的传递具有重要意义。我们将这种“主要货币定价”(DCP)引入了ECB-Global(欧洲央行针对全球经济的宏观经济模型)。据我们所知,这是将DCP纳入中央银行或国际组织使用的主要全球宏观经济模型的首次尝试。在ECB-Global中,DCP特别影响支出转换和美元汇率对溢出的作用:如果非美国经济受到冲击,从而多边改变其货币价值,则支出转换仅通过进口;如果美国遭受冲击,从而多边改变了美元的价值,支出转换既发生在非美国经济体的进口中,也发生在其贸易伙伴的进口中,因为这是其贸易伙伴的进口。总体而言,在DCP下,即使不涉及美国的交易,美元汇率也是全球贸易的主要驱动力。为了说明ECB-Global和DCP在政策分析中的作用,我们探讨了在全球贸易中与欧元抗衡的美元作为第二大主导货币的意义。ECB-Global认为,在这种情况下,来自美国冲击的全球溢出较小,而来自欧元区冲击的全球溢出则被放大了。欧元成为贸易中全球第二大主导货币几乎不会影响欧元区国内的货币政策有效性。在DCP下,即使不涉及美国的交易,美元汇率也是全球贸易的主要驱动力。为了说明ECB-Global和DCP在政策分析中的有用性,我们探讨了与美元抗衡的欧元在全球贸易中的第二主要货币的影响。ECB-Global认为,在这种情况下,来自美国冲击的全球溢出较小,而来自欧元区冲击的全球溢出则被放大了。欧元成为贸易中全球第二大主导货币几乎不会影响欧元区国内的货币政策有效性。在DCP下,即使不涉及美国的交易,美元汇率也是全球贸易的主要驱动力。为了说明ECB-Global和DCP在政策分析中的作用,我们探讨了在全球贸易中与欧元抗衡的美元作为第二大主导货币的意义。ECB-Global认为,在这种情况下,来自美国冲击的全球溢出较小,而来自欧元区冲击的全球溢出则被放大了。欧元成为贸易中全球第二大主导货币几乎不会影响欧元区国内的货币政策有效性。美元是全球贸易中的第二主要货币。ECB-Global认为,在这种情况下,来自美国冲击的全球溢出较小,而来自欧元区冲击的全球溢出则被放大了。欧元成为贸易中全球第二大主导货币几乎不会影响欧元区国内的货币政策有效性。美元是全球贸易中的第二主要货币。ECB-Global认为,在这种情况下,来自美国冲击的全球溢出较小,而来自欧元区冲击的全球溢出则被放大了。欧元区成为全球第二大贸易主导货币,几乎不会影响欧元区国内的货币政策有效性。
更新日期:2019-10-03
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