We advance the understanding and measurement of the concept of time by offering a taxonomy of four distinct time constructs: duration, frequency, timing, and sequence. On the basis of a literature review of human resource management and allied fields (i.e., organizational behavior, industrial and organizational psychology, general management, entrepreneurship, and strategic management studies), we offer recommendations on how to measure each construct as well as illustrations drawn from different domains and theories on how these recommendations can be implemented. In addition, for each construct, we offer specific, practical, and actionable recommendations regarding critical design choices, dilemmas, and trade-offs that must be considered when investigating time conceptually and empirically. We discuss these recommendations in the form of a sequential decision-making process that can be used as a roadmap by researchers. We hope our conceptualization and recommendations will serve as a catalyst and useful resource for future conceptual and empirical research that aims to formulate better time-sensitive and temporally falsifiable theories.

通过提供四种不同的时间结构的分类法，我们提高了对时间概念的理解和度量：持续时间，频率，时间和顺序。在对人力资源管理和相关领域（即组织行为，产业和组织心理学，一般管理，企业家精神和战略管理研究）进行文献综述的基础上，我们提供有关如何衡量每个结构的建议以及绘制的插图来自不同领域和理论的建议如何实施。此外，对于每种构造，我们提供有关关键设计选择，困境和折衷方案的具体，实用和可行的建议，这些概念和经验都需要在研究时间时加以考虑。我们以顺序决策过程的形式讨论这些建议，研究人员可以将其用作路线图。