We investigate the international transfer of managerial know-how by analyzing manager migration patterns in the setting of international soccer. We characterize a country's managerial know-how by estimating a stochastic frontier model, which relates the country's soccer performance to socioeconomic and climatic conditions. We find evidence of learning-by-hiring in that hiring a migrant manager hailing from a high know-how country is beneficial to the destination country's performance. Larger cultural distance between the migrant manager and destination country reduces the effectiveness of learning-by-hiring, but this effect is moderated by the migrant manager's prior international experience. The transfer of managerial know-how contributes to the overall convergence of low-performing versus high-performing soccer countries.

中文翻译：

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国际足球中的经理迁移、招聘学习和文化距离

我们通过分析国际足球背景下的经理迁移模式来研究管理知识的国际转移。我们通过估计一个随机前沿模型来描述一个国家的管理知识，该模型将国家的足球表现与社会经济和气候条件联系起来。我们发现通过招聘学习的证据表明，聘请来自高技能国家的移民经理有利于目的地国家的绩效。移民经理与目的地国家之间较大的文化距离会降低招聘式学习的有效性，但这种影响会被移民经理先前的国际经验所缓和。管理知识的转移有助于低绩效足球国家与高绩效足球国家的整体融合。