This is a Rejoinder to Jochen von Bernstorff’s Reply to our Article, ‘Monopolizing War: Codifying the Laws of War to Reassert Governmental Authority, 1856–1874’. We challenge von Bernstroff’s assertion that we argued that international humanitarian law is merely a sham and his description of our historical approach as focused on the domestic. Rather than conceiving this history as merely one of power relations between weaker and stronger states, our argument pierces the sovereign veil of states and considers how tensions between governments, elites, and the broader public influenced the history of the laws of war. Furthermore, the thrust of our argument is that democratization processes in this formative period (1856–1874) set in motion civil society initiatives that reverberated in the battlefields of Europe and shaped the content and form of the laws of war. Our project is meant to help us better understand the past and, in doing so, shed light on the meaningful efforts to insert humanitarian values into the interpretation of the laws of war.

中文翻译：

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超越“虚假”批判和人道主义叙事：对乔亨·冯·伯恩斯托夫的反驳

这是对 Jochen von Bernstorff 对我们文章“垄断战争：编纂战争法以重新确立政府权威，1856-1874”的答复的反驳。我们质疑冯·伯恩斯特罗夫 (von Bernstroff) 的断言，即我们认为国际人道法只是一种骗局，以及他将我们的历史方法描述为侧重于国内。我们的论点并没有将这段历史仅仅视为弱国和强国之间的权力关系之一，而是刺破了国家的主权面纱，并考虑了政府、精英和广大公众之间的紧张关系如何影响战争法的历史。此外，我们论证的主旨是，这个形成时期（1856-1874 年）的民主化进程启动了公民社会倡议，这些倡议在欧洲战场上产生了反响，并塑造了战争法的内容和形式。我们的项目旨在帮助我们更好地了解过去，并在此过程中阐明将人道主义价值观插入战争法解释中的有意义的努力。