Essence of fundamental rights – Article 52(1) of the Charter – Multi-level protection of fundamental rights in Europe – Sources of essence – European Court of Justice case law on ‘very substance’ of fundamental rights – Constitutional traditions common to the Member States – European Court of Human Rights – Court of Justice of the EU – Schrems – Principle of proportionality – Absolute theory – Relative theory – Classification of interferences with essence – Objective interference – Subjective interference – Absolute rights – EU methodology for determination of interference with essence

中文翻译：

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欧盟法律秩序中基本权利的本质概念：剥洋葱至其核心

基本权利的本质——《宪章》第 52 条第 1 款——欧洲对基本权利的多层次保护——本质的来源——欧洲法院关于基本权利“非常实质”的判例法——成员国共同的宪法传统– 欧洲人权法院 – 欧盟法院 –施雷姆斯– 比例原则 – 绝对理论 – 相对理论 – 干涉本质的分类 – 客观干涉 – 主观干涉 – 绝对权利 – 欧盟确定干涉本质的方法