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Blockchain Startups and Prospectus Regulation
European Business Organization Law Review ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s40804-019-00168-6
Dmitri Boreiko , Guido Ferrarini , Paolo Giudici

Initial coin offerings are a new way for blockchain startups to finance project development by issuing coins or tokens in exchange for fiat money or Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. In this article, we start from the current distinction between different types of tokens and argue that it can create confusion and should be at least partially abandoned. We believe that the conceptual difference between a currency token and a tradable utility token is just the dimension of the crypto environment in which the token is spent. More specifically, ‘utility tokens’ combine the customer payment mechanism with the utility component and, when tradable on a secondary market, the investment one. We argue that they blur the traditional distinctions between currencies, financial assets and consumption goods. Moreover, we stress the increasing importance of online crypto exchanges. Recently some exchanges have also taken up the role of trusted intermediaries and staked their reputation on token offerings, which are termed initial exchange offerings and have gained in popularity. We therefore argue that the crypto market increasingly looks like a segment of the capital market and behaves as such. Given that tokens have a clear investment component, we show that they are tradable securities under the Prospectus Regulation. We compare the European securities regulation with its US counterpart and focus on prospectus exemptions, highlighting the great differences between Europe and the US which make Europe less amicable to blockchain startups.

中文翻译:

区块链初创公司和招股说明书监管

初始代币发行是区块链初创公司通过发行代币或代币以换取法定货币或比特币或其他加密货币来为项目开发融资的一种新方式。在本文中,我们从当前不同类型令牌之间的区别开始,并认为它会造成混淆,至少应该部分放弃。我们认为,货币通证和可交易的实用通证之间的概念差异只是使用通证的加密环境的维度。更具体地说,“效用代币”将客户支付机制与效用组件以及在二级市场上交易时的投资组合相结合。我们认为它们模糊了货币、金融资产和消费品之间的传统区别。而且,我们强调在线加密货币交易的重要性日益增加。最近,一些交易所也扮演了可信中介的角色,将他们的声誉押注在代币发行上,这被称为初始交易所发行,并越来越受欢迎。因此,我们认为加密市场越来越像资本市场的一部分,并且表现得如此。鉴于代币具有明确的投资成分,我们表明它们是招股章程规定下的可交易证券。我们将欧洲证券监管与其美国同行进行比较,并重点关注招股说明书豁免,突出欧洲和美国之间的巨大差异,这使得欧洲对区块链初创公司不太友好。最近,一些交易所也扮演了可信中介的角色,将他们的声誉押注在代币发行上,这被称为初始交易所发行,并越来越受欢迎。因此,我们认为加密市场越来越像资本市场的一部分,并且表现得如此。鉴于代币具有明确的投资成分,我们表明它们是招股章程规定下的可交易证券。我们将欧洲证券监管与其美国同行进行比较,并重点关注招股说明书豁免,突出欧洲和美国之间的巨大差异,这使得欧洲对区块链初创公司不太友好。最近,一些交易所也扮演了可信中介的角色,将他们的声誉押注在代币发行上,这被称为初始交易所发行,并越来越受欢迎。因此,我们认为加密市场越来越像资本市场的一部分,并且表现得如此。鉴于代币具有明确的投资成分,我们表明它们是招股说明书规定的可交易证券。我们将欧洲证券监管与其美国同行进行比较,并重点关注招股说明书豁免,突出欧洲和美国之间的巨大差异,这使得欧洲对区块链初创公司不太友好。因此,我们认为加密市场越来越像资本市场的一部分,并且表现得如此。鉴于代币具有明确的投资成分,我们表明它们是招股章程规定下的可交易证券。我们将欧洲证券监管与其美国同行进行比较,并重点关注招股说明书豁免,突出欧洲和美国之间的巨大差异,这使得欧洲对区块链初创公司不太友好。因此,我们认为加密市场越来越像资本市场的一部分,并且表现得如此。鉴于代币具有明确的投资成分,我们表明它们是招股章程规定下的可交易证券。我们将欧洲证券监管与其美国同行进行比较,并重点关注招股说明书豁免,突出欧洲和美国之间的巨大差异,这使得欧洲对区块链初创公司不太友好。
更新日期:2019-11-25
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