The main goal of this study is to examine empirically the determinants of multinational activity of firms from the new EU-12 member states in Poland during the period 1990–2014 using the negative binomial model. In particular, we test the predictions of competing theoretical models of the multinational enterprise to identify the investment motives for undertaking foreign direct investment in Poland. In addition to traditional country-pair characteristics such as absolute and relative market size and differences in relative factor endowments, in this study we account for cultural differences between the host and partner countries that may affect the cost of foreign investment. The assembled empirical evidence points to both market access and efficiency seeking as the main reasons for undertaking foreign direct investment in Poland by multinational enterprises based in the new EU-12 member states. However, cultural proximity does not seem to be an important factor in explaining the extent of multinational activity in Poland.

中文翻译：

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是什么吸引了新欧盟成员国到波兰的跨国企业？

这项研究的主要目标是使用负二项式模型，以经验方式检验1990年至2014年期间来自波兰的新EU-12成员国的企业的跨国活动的决定因素。特别是，我们测试了跨国公司竞争性理论模型的预测，以确定在波兰进行外国直接投资的投资动机。除了传统的国家对特征（如绝对和相对市场规模以及相对要素end赋的差异）外，在本研究中，我们还要考虑东道国和伙伴国之间的文化差异，这可能会影响外国投资的成本。汇总的经验证据表明，市场准入和效率寻求都是驻欧盟新成员国12的跨国企业在波兰进行外国直接投资的主要原因。但是，文化上的接近似乎并不是解释波兰多国活动范围的重要因素。