Literature on the formation of intention toward entrepreneurship in adolescents has focused on either parental (vertical) transmission of social capital or network effects from peers or neighbors (horizontal). Considering the simultaneous effect of parents, peers, and neighbors, we suggest that such three levels identify a mechanism whereby the individual perception of their importance interacts with their objective characteristics. With a unique dataset for second-year high-school adolescents in the Italian city of Palermo, and employing Logit and 3SLS methods, we find evidence for a strong parental effect and for secondary peer (peers) effects on student intention. We also detect clear endogenous effects from the neighborhood and the overall context. Moreover, entrepreneurship is confirmed to be perceived, even by high-school students, as a buffer for possible unemployment and social mobility.

中文翻译：

---

高中生的创业意向：父母，同伴和邻居的重要性

关于青少年创业意向形成的文献集中于父母的（垂直）社会资本传递或同龄人或邻居的网络效应（水平）。考虑到父母，同伴和邻居的同时影响，我们建议这三个层次确定一种机制，使个人对其重要性的感知与他们的客观特征相互作用。利用意大利城市巴勒莫市二年级高中青少年的独特数据集，并采用Logit和3SLS方法，我们发现了强烈的父母效应和中学同伴（同伴）对学生意图的影响的证据。我们还从邻居和整个环境中检测到明显的内源性影响。此外，即使是高中生，也已确认企业家精神被视为可能失业和社会流动的缓冲。