Rare earth element extraction induces environmental damages and the balance problem. In this article, we show that recycling can challenge both problems in a two-period framework. We also find other results depending on the amount of scrap that can be recycled. If the recycling activity is not limited by available scrap, it does not change extraction in the first period. Environmental taxes on extracted quantities reduce extraction and favor recycling. But if the recycling is limited, the extractor reduces extraction in period one, adopting a foreclosure strategy, and environmental taxes can decrease recycling. In all cases, environmental taxes are never equal to the marginal damage from pollution, in order to take into account the recycling effect.

中文翻译：

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挑战污染和稀土开采的平衡问题：回收和环境税的重要性

稀土元素提取会导致环境破坏和平衡问题。在本文中，我们展示了回收可以在两个时期的框架中挑战这两个问题。我们还发现其他结果取决于可回收的废料量。如果回收活动不受可用废料的限制，则不会改变第一期的提取。对提取量征收环境税会减少提取并有利于回收利用。但如果回收受到限制，则提取者会在第一阶段减少提取，采取止赎策略，环境税会减少回收。在所有情况下，为了考虑回收效应，环境税永远不会等于污染的边际损害。