There has been much discussion on the use of particles (also referred to as ‘discourse particles’ or ‘pragmatic particles’) as a key feature of Singapore English. Wong (2004) has pointed out that particles are essential in the Singapore speech community, and in order to pass as a functional member of the speech community a speaker needs to have a proficient knowledge of the meanings and functions of particles in spoken (and increasingly in texted) discourse. There is no doubt that the use of particles in Singapore Colloquial English is prevalent in the language use of speakers in Singapore, as attested by the numerous studies conducted on the topic since the 1970s (including Tongue, 1974; Richards & Tay, 1981; Kwan–Terry, 1978; Platt & Weber, 1980; Platt, Weber & Ho, 1983; Platt & Ho, 1989; Gupta, 1992; Wong, 2004, 2005; Wee, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2010; Liemgruber, 2016; Botha, 2018). Despite the fact that particles have been studied extensively, very few studies have investigated which particular particles can be considered prototypical in Singapore English in general, as well as more specifically in the vernacular speech of Singaporeans. Not only that, there appears still to be a lot we do not know about the functions and uses of many of these particles, specifically in the vernacular speech of Singaporeans.

中文翻译：

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'技术上错误'

关于使用助词（也称为“话语助词”或“语用助词”）作为新加坡英语的一个关键特征的讨论很多。Wong (2004) 指出，在新加坡语音社区中，助词是必不可少的，为了成为语音社区的功能性成员，说话者需要精通语音中助词的含义和功能（并且越来越在文字）话语中。毫无疑问，新加坡口语英语中使用助词在新加坡说话者的语言使用中很普遍，自 1970 年代以来对该主题进行的大量研究证明了这一点（包括 Tongue，1974；Richards & Tay，1981；Kwan –Terry, 1978；Platt & Weber, 1980；Platt, Weber & Ho, 1983; Platt & Ho, 1989; Gupta, 1992; Wong, 2004, 2005; Wee, 2002, 2003、2004、2010；利姆格鲁伯，2016；博塔，2018）。尽管已经对粒子进行了广泛的研究，但很少有研究调查哪些特定粒子可以被认为是新加坡英语的原型，尤其是新加坡人的白话。不仅如此，对于许多这些助词的功能和用途，我们似乎还有很多不知道的地方，特别是在新加坡人的方言中。