Using an additional decade of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults (CNLSY), this study replicated and extended Deming’s evaluation of Head Start’s life cycle skill formation impacts in three ways. Extending the measurement interval for Deming’s adulthood outcomes, we found no statistically significant impacts on earnings and mixed evidence of impacts on other adult outcomes. Applying Deming’s sibling comparison framework to more recent birth cohorts born to CNLSY mothers revealed mostly negative Head Start impacts. Combining all cohorts showed generally null impacts on school-age and early adulthood outcomes.

本研究使用1979年全国青少年纵向调查和青少年（CNLSY）的其他十年数据，以三种方式复制和扩展了Deming对“起步”对生命周期技能形成影响的评估。延长了戴明成年结果的测量间隔，我们发现对收入没有统计学上的显着影响，也没有对其他成年结果产生影响的混合证据。将戴明的同级比较框架应用于CNLSY母亲所生的较新的出生队列中，发现大部分不利于启蒙运动。综合所有队列，对学龄和成年初期的影响总体上没有影响。