The vast majority of literature on school choice, and charter schools in particular, focus on attending an elementary or middle school grades and often focus on test scores or other proximal outcomes. Much less is known about the long-term effects of attending a charter school in 9th grade. It is important to fill this information void for a few reasons. First, schools in general affect more than just students’ test scores. Second, secondary schools (including grades 9–12) make up a larger share of the charter sector. Third, school choice depends on freely available information for parents and students to make informed decisions about where to attend, including potential long-term benefits. We add to the empirical research on charter school effects by using a doubly-robust inverse probability weighted approach to evaluate the impacts of secondary charter school attendance on 9th grade behavioral outcomes and individuals propensity to commit crime and participate in elections as young adults in North Carolina, a state with a large and growing charter school sector.

关于学校选择的绝大多数文献，特别是特许学校，都集中于就读小学或初中的年级，并且通常集中于考试成绩或其他近端成绩。对于9年级就读特许学校的长期影响知之甚少。出于某些原因，填补此信息空白很重要。首先，学校一般不仅仅影响学生的考试成绩。第二，中学（包括9至12年级）在租赁行业中所占份额更大。第三，学校的选择取决于家长和学生可免费获得的信息，以便他们就就读何处作出明智的决定，包括潜在的长期利益。