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Presidential Elections, Divided Politics, and Happiness in the USA
Economica ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-04 , DOI: 10.1111/ecca.12349
Sergio Pinto 1 , Panka Bencsik 2 , Tuugi Chuluun 3 , Carol Graham 4
Affiliation  

We examine the effects of the 2016 and 2012 U.S. presidential election outcomes on the subjective well-being of Democrats and Republicans using large-scale Gallup survey data and a regression discontinuity approach. We use metrics that capture two dimensions of well-being – evaluative (life satisfaction) and hedonic (positive and negative affect) – and document a significant negative impact on both dimensions of well-being for Democrats immediately following the 2016 election and a negative but much smaller impact for Republicans following the 2012 election. However, we found no equivalent positive effect for those identifying with the winning party following either election. The results also vary across gender and income groups, especially in 2016, with the negative well-being effects more prevalent among women and middle-income households. In addition, in 2016 the votes of others living in the respondent’s county did not have a large impact on individual well-being, although there is some suggestive evidence that Democrats in more pro-Trump counties suffered a less negative effect, while Republicans in less pro-Trump and more typically urban counties were actually negatively impacted by the election outcome. We also find evidence that being on the losing side of the election had negative effects on perceptions about the economy, financial well-being, and the community of residence. Lastly, the evaluative well-being gaps between the different party affiliations tend to persist longer, with those in expected life satisfaction lasting until at least the end of 2016, while the hedonic well-being gaps typically dissipate within the two weeks following the election.

中文翻译:

美国的总统选举、分裂的政治和幸福

我们使用大规模盖洛普调查数据和回归不连续性方法研究了 2016 年和 2012 年美国总统大选结果对民主党人和共和党人主观幸福感的影响。我们使用衡量幸福感的两个维度——评价性(生活满意度)和享乐性(积极和消极影响)——并记录了 2016 年大选后民主党人对幸福感的两个维度的重大负面影响和负面但2012 年大选后对共和党的影响要小得多。然而,我们发现在任何一次选举后都没有对那些认同获胜政党的人产生同等的积极影响。结果也因性别和收入群体而异,尤其是在 2016 年,负面福祉影响在女性和中等收入家庭中更为普遍。此外,在 2016 年,居住在受访者所在县的其他人的选票对个人福祉没有太大影响,尽管有一些暗示性证据表明,更支持特朗普县的民主党人受到的负面影响较小,而共和党人则受到较少的负面影响。支持特朗普和更典型的城市县实际上受到选举结果的负面影响。我们还发现有证据表明,在选举中落败会对人们对经济、财务状况和居住社区的看法产生负面影响。最后,不同党派之间的幸福感差距往往会持续更长时间,预期生活满意度至少会持续到 2016 年底,而幸福感差距通常会在选举后的两周内消失。2016 年,居住在受访者所在县的其他人的选票对个人福祉没有太大影响,尽管有一些暗示性的证据表明,在更多支持特朗普的县中,民主党受到的负面影响较小,而在不那么支持特朗普的县中,共和党人受到的负面影响较小。更典型的城市县实际上受到选举结果的负面影响。我们还发现有证据表明,在选举中落败会对人们对经济、财务状况和居住社区的看法产生负面影响。最后,不同党派之间的幸福感差距往往会持续更长时间,预期生活满意度至少会持续到 2016 年底,而幸福感差距通常会在选举后的两周内消失。2016 年,居住在受访者所在县的其他人的选票对个人福祉没有太大影响,尽管有一些暗示性的证据表明,在更多支持特朗普的县中,民主党受到的负面影响较小,而在不那么支持特朗普的县中,共和党人受到的负面影响较小。更典型的城市县实际上受到选举结果的负面影响。我们还发现有证据表明,在选举中落败会对人们对经济、财务状况和居住社区的看法产生负面影响。最后,不同党派之间的幸福感差距往往会持续更长时间,预期生活满意度至少会持续到 2016 年底,而幸福感差距通常会在选举后的两周内消失。
更新日期:2020-07-04
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