Even with rapid and widespread expansion of states’ quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS)—tiered frameworks that assess, communicate, and improve early childhood education (ECE) quality—there exists no population-level information regarding which providers choose to participate in these primarily voluntary systems. We use a nationally representative survey of ECE centers to examine how the characteristics of ECE centers and the communities in which they are located predict participation in QRIS to understand the scope of QRIS policy implementation and the extent to which QRIS may be equity enhancing. We find that approximately one-third of centers nationwide participated in QRIS in 2012. Selection model results reveal that participation is more likely among centers that blend multiple funding sources and who are NAEYC accredited, and in communities with high poverty rates. However, QRIS participation is less likely in communities with relatively higher proportions of Black residents. Findings raise questions about how QRISs can equitably engage programs in all communities.

即使各州的质量评级和改进系统 (QRIS)（评估、交流和提高幼儿教育 (ECE) 质量的分层框架）迅速和广泛地扩展，也没有关于哪些提供者选择参与这些服务的人口水平信息主要是自愿系统。我们使用 ECE 中心的全国代表性调查来检查 ECE 中心及其所在社区的特征如何预测 QRIS 的参与，以了解 QRIS 政策实施的范围以及 QRIS 可能在多大程度上促进公平。我们发现，2012 年全国约有三分之一的中心参与了 QRIS。选择模型结果显示，在混合多种资金来源且获得 NAEYC 认证的中心中，参与的可能性更大，以及贫困率高的社区。但是，在黑人居民比例相对较高的社区中，QRIS 参与的可能性较小。调查结果提出了关于 QRIS 如何公平地参与所有社区项目的问题。