This study attempted to explore whether learners could be trained to use effective planning behaviours and whether this could affect their writing performance. A complete class of Iranian learners (n = 42) of English as a foreign language received training in effective pre-task planning based on a number of operating principles. Writing performance, prior to and after the training, was measured through written narrative tasks. Retrospective interviews were also used to examine what learners did during planning. Results revealed that the effective planning behaviours are learnable, with many learners reporting positive ideas about the training programme. The findings also indicated significant improvements in learners’ writing quality in terms of complexity, accuracy and fluency. Based on these collective findings, it is suggested that L2 learners need to be guided towards using more helpful planning behaviours, particularly those that are not forgotten with time.

中文翻译：

---

第二语言叙事写作培训计划

这项研究试图探讨是否可以训练学习者使用有效的计划行为，以及这是否会影响他们的写作表现。一整套伊朗裔英语学习者（n = 42）作为外语，已经接受了基于许多操作原则的有效任务前计划培训。培训前后的写作表现是通过书面叙述任务来衡量的。回顾性访谈还用于检查学习者在计划过程中的行为。结果表明，有效的计划行为是可以学习的，许多学习者报告了有关培训计划的积极想法。调查结果还表明，从复杂性，准确性和流利性方面来说，学习者的写作质量有了显着提高。基于这些共同的发现，