This study examined changes in white matter microstructure and grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area before and after reading intervention. Participants included 22 average readers and 13 dyslexic readers (8–9 years old in third grade); the dyslexic readers were enrolled in reading intervention programs at their elementary school. Participants completed scans of diffusion tensor imaging and T1‐weighted MRI before and after 3 months of instruction. An a priori region of interest (ROI) analysis was used. Dyslexic readers, compared to average readers, showed higher mean diffusivity in white matter ROIs including bilateral inferior frontal, bilateral insula, left superior temporal, and right supramarginal gyri across time points. Dyslexic readers also had thicker cortex in left fusiform and bilateral supramarginal gyri; whereas, average readers had greater surface area in right fusiform across time. There were no significant changes in white or grey matter following intervention; however, mean diffusivity in the right hemisphere was associated with reading gains over time. White matter organization in the right hemisphere predicts reading changes, and dyslexic readers may have persistent differences in white and grey matter due to ongoing reading deficits.

中文翻译：

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白质而非灰质预测干预后阅读技能的变化

这项研究检查了阅读干预前后白质微观结构和灰质体积，皮质厚度和皮质表面积的变化。参加者包括22名普通读者和13名阅读困难的读者（三年级8-9岁）。阅读障碍的读者在他们的小学参加了阅读干预计划。参加者在接受指导3个月之前和之后，完成了弥散张量成像和T1加权MRI的扫描。使用先验的感兴趣区域（ROI）分析。与普通读者相比，诵读困难的读者在不同时间点的白质ROI中显示出较高的平均扩散率，包括双侧下额叶，双侧岛，颞上叶和右上上回。诵读困难的读者左梭状和双上上回的皮层也较厚。相反，普通读者在一段时间内的右梭形中具有更大的表面积。干预后，白色或灰色物质无明显变化；然而，随着时间的流逝，右半球的平均扩散率与阅读增益有关。右半球的白质组织可以预测阅读的变化，阅读障碍的读者可能会由于持续的阅读障碍而在白质和灰质方面持续存在差异。