Many states, or rather their leaders and officials, routinely violate the fundamental human rights of both their compatriots or outsiders. Faced with this depressing catalogue of abuses, the international community’s response of choice consists in imposing economic sanctions on wrongdoers. The relatively scant philosophical literature on the topic tackles primary sanctions where the sanctioning party (Sender) restricts economic relationships between, on the one hand, the sanctioned party (Target) and, on the other hand, agents of any nationality who are located on its own territory, or its own nationals wherever they are located – in other words, agents who are subject to its territorial and/or personal jurisdiction. In this paper however I focus on unilateral secondary sanctions, whereby Sender seeks to restrict the economic activities of agents who are not subject to its territorial and/or personal jurisdiction, on the grounds that they trade with or invest in Target. I provide a cosmopolitan defence of those sanctions as a means to stop ongoing grievous human rights violations. I proceed as follows. First, I outline the central tenets of cosmopolitan morality which I take for granted throughout this paper. I then mount my cosmopolitan defence of unilateral secondary sanctions. I end by rejecting the view that multilateral authorisation is a necessary condition for sanctions in general and secondary sanctions in particular, though I consider cases where such authorisation is warranted.

中文翻译：

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二级经济制裁

许多国家，或者更确切地说是它们的领导人和官员，经常侵犯其同胞或局外人的基本人权。面对这些令人沮丧的侵权行为，国际社会的反应选择是对违法者实施经济制裁。关于该主题的相对较少的哲学文献涉及主要制裁，其中制裁方（发送方）一方面限制被制裁方（目标）与另一方面位于其所在国的任何国籍的代理人之间的经济关系。自己的领土，或无论他们身在何处的本国国民——换言之，受其领土和/或属人管辖的代理人。然而，在本文中，我关注的是单边次级制裁，发送方试图限制不受其领土和/或个人管辖的代理人的经济活动，理由是他们与 Target 进行交易或投资。我为这些制裁提供全球性的辩护，以此作为阻止持续严重侵犯人权的手段。我按以下步骤进行。首先，我概述了我在整篇论文中认为理所当然的世界主义道德的核心原则。然后，我对单边次级制裁进行了国际化的辩护。最后，我拒绝接受多边授权是一般制裁特别是二级制裁的必要条件的观点，尽管我考虑了需要此类授权的情况。我为这些制裁提供全球性的辩护，以此作为阻止持续严重侵犯人权的手段。我按以下步骤进行。首先，我概述了我在整篇论文中认为理所当然的世界主义道德的核心原则。然后，我对单边次级制裁进行了国际化的辩护。最后，我拒绝接受多边授权是一般制裁特别是二级制裁的必要条件的观点，尽管我考虑了需要此类授权的情况。我为这些制裁提供全球性的辩护，以此作为阻止持续严重侵犯人权的手段。我按以下步骤进行。首先，我概述了我在整篇论文中认为理所当然的世界主义道德的核心原则。然后，我对单边次级制裁进行了国际化的辩护。最后，我拒绝接受多边授权是一般制裁特别是二级制裁的必要条件的观点，尽管我考虑了需要此类授权的情况。