ABSTRACT

There is some doubt about the effect of creative class on economic development. There is also concern that the 3Ts index (Talent, Technology, and Tolerance) does not take into account two of the most important elements of creativity into its index: creative infrastructure and culture. The present study proposed a new creativity index called 3Ci (Creative class, Creative infrastructure, and Culture) and explored how they played an important role in economic development across countries through a systematic literature review and econometric models. The present study found that creative class played a different role in economic development across articles and countries and all 35 articles in the present study suggested creative infrastructure and culture as two of the most important factors for creativity. The present study also highlighted that creative class, creative infrastructure, and culture were positively related to economic development in all US Metropolitan Statistical Areas and they should be considered when measuring the magnitude of creative cities.

摘要

人们对创意阶层对经济发展的影响存有疑问。还令人担忧的是，3T指数（人才，技术和宽容）没有将创造力的两个最重要因素纳入其指数：创造基础设施和文化。本研究提出了一种新的创造力指数，称为3Ci（创造力类别，创造力基础设施和文化），并通过系统的文献综述和计量经济学模型探讨了它们如何在各国经济发展中发挥重要作用。本研究发现，创意类在不同国家和地区的经济发展中扮演着不同的角色，本研究中的所有35篇文章都将创意基础设施和文化视为创造力的两个最重要因素。