ABSTRACT

Polymathy may be defined as the productive pursuit of multiple endeavors, simultaneously or serially, across a lifetime. As such, polymathic breadth of interest across knowledge domains characterizes Nobel laureates in the sciences, literature, economics, and peace, though interest patterns vary between groups. Economics laureates, like science laureates, demonstrate significant trans-domain interests in mathematics and science but differ from scientists by focusing additional interests in the humanities and social sciences rather than in visual arts or crafts. Literature laureates share strong interests in visual arts with science laureates, but they engage far less in crafts and more in humanities. Literature laureates share with economics laureates a high interest in the humanities and social sciences but engage far less in the sciences. Peace laureates focus their multiple interests in the humanities and social sciences along with literature and economics laureates, but they differ from both by participating far less in arts or science. In addition, Nobel laureates are also intra-domain polymaths, engaging in more than one discipline within their primary field. Overall, Nobel laureates are significantly more likely to be trans- and intra-domain polymaths than the average person. Moreover, patterns of interest suggest that different professions select for or attract individuals with reasonably discrete combinations of talent.

摘要

博爱可以被定义为一生中同时或连续进行多种努力的富有成效的追求。这样，跨学科领域的多学科兴趣广度是诺贝尔科学，文学，经济学和和平领域的获奖者的特征，尽管各群体之间的兴趣模式各不相同。经济学获奖者与科学获奖者一样，对数学和科学表现出重大的跨领域兴趣，但与科学家不同，他们将重点放在人文和社会科学而不是视觉艺术或手工艺上。文学奖得主与科学奖得主对视觉艺术有着浓厚的兴趣，但他们从事手工艺的人少得多，而从事人文学科的人多。文学获奖者与经济学分享者对人文科学和社会科学抱有浓厚的兴趣，但对科学的参与却少得多。和平奖获得者与文学和经济学奖获得者一样，将他们的多重利益集中在人文和社会科学上，但是他们与两者的区别在于他们很少参与艺术或科学。此外，诺贝尔奖获得者也是领域内的多学科专家，在其主要领域内从事多个学科。总体而言，诺贝尔奖获得者比普通人更可能是跨域和域内的多学科专家。此外，兴趣模式表明，不同的职业选择或吸引具有合理离散人才组合的个人。在其主要领域内从事多个学科。总体而言，诺贝尔奖获得者比普通人更可能是跨域和域内的多学科专家。此外，兴趣模式表明，不同的职业选择或吸引具有合理离散人才组合的个人。在其主要领域内从事多个学科。总体而言，诺贝尔奖获得者比普通人更可能是跨域和域内的多学科专家。此外，兴趣模式表明，不同的职业选择或吸引具有合理离散人才组合的个人。