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Finding the missing Einsteins: Expanding the breadth of cognitive and noncognitive measures used in academic services
Contemporary Educational Psychology ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101920
Jonathan Wai , Joni M. Lakin

Education researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are concerned with identifying and developing talent for students with fewer opportunities, especially students from historically marginalized groups. An emerging body of research suggests “universally screening” or testing all students, then matching those students with appropriate educational challenges, is effective in helping marginalized students. However, most tests have focused on two areas: math and verbal reasoning. We leverage three nationally representative samples of the U.S. population at different time points that include both novel cognitive measures (e.g., spatial, mechanical, and abstract reasoning) and non-cognitive measures (e.g., conscientiousness, creativity or word fluency, leadership skill, and artistic skill) to uncover which measures would improve proportional representation of marginalized groups in talent identification procedures. We find that adding spatial reasoning measures in particular—as well as other non-cognitive measures such as conscientiousness, leadership, and creativity—are worthwhile to consider for universal screening procedures for students to narrow achievement gaps at every level of education, including for gifted students. By showing that these nontraditional measures both improve proportional representation of underrepresented groups and have reasonable predictive validity, we also broaden the definition of what it means to be “gifted” and expand opportunities for students from historically marginalized groups.



中文翻译:

寻找失踪的爱因斯坦:扩大学术服务中使用的认知和非认知测量的范围

教育研究人员,政策制定者和从业人员关心的是为机会较少的学生,尤其是来自历史边缘群体的学生,寻找和培养人才。新兴的研究机构建议“普遍筛查”或测试所有学生,然后使这些学生面临适当的教育挑战,从而有效地帮助边缘化学生。但是,大多数测试都集中在两个领域:数学和言语推理。我们在不同时间点利用美国人口的三个具有全国代表性的样本,包括新颖的认知测度(例如空间,机械和抽象推理)和非认知测度(例如尽责,创造力或单词流利度,领导才能,和艺术技巧),以发现哪些方法可以提高边缘化群体在人才识别程序中的比例代表。我们发现,特别是增加空间推理措施以及其他非认知措施,例如尽职调​​查,领导才能和创造力,值得考虑采用通用筛选程序,以缩小学生在各个教育水平上的成就差距,包括对有才华的人学生们。通过证明这些非传统措施既可以改善代表性不足的群体的比例代表,又具有合理的预测效度,我们还扩大了“赠予”的含义的定义,并为处于历史边缘的群体的学生提供了更多的机会。我们发现,特别是增加空间推理措施以及其他非认知措施,例如尽职调​​查,领导才能和创造力,值得考虑采用通用筛选程序,以缩小学生在各个教育水平上的成就差距,包括对有才华的人学生们。通过证明这些非传统措施既可以改善代表性不足的群体的比例代表,又具有合理的预测效度,我们还扩大了“赠予”的含义的定义,并为处于历史边缘的群体的学生提供了更多的机会。我们发现,特别是增加空间推理措施以及其他非认知措施,例如尽职调​​查,领导才能和创造力,值得考虑采用通用筛选程序,以缩小学生在各个教育水平上的成就差距,包括对有才华的人学生们。通过证明这些非传统措施既可以改善代表性不足的群体的比例代表,又具有合理的预测效度,我们还扩大了“赠予”的含义的定义,并为处于历史边缘的群体的学生提供了更多的机会。创意和创造力-值得考虑的通用筛选程序,可以缩小学生在各个教育水平上的成就差距,包括对于有天赋的学生。通过证明这些非传统措施既可以改善代表性不足的群体的比例代表,又具有合理的预测效度,我们还扩大了“赠予”的含义的定义,并为处于历史边缘的群体的学生提供了更多的机会。创意和创造力-值得考虑的通用筛选程序,可以缩小学生在各个教育水平上的成就差距,包括对于有天赋的学生。通过证明这些非传统措施既可以改善代表性不足的群体的比例代表,又具有合理的预测效度,我们还扩大了“赠予”的含义的定义,并为处于历史边缘的群体的学生提供了更多的机会。

更新日期:2020-09-06
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