This article aims to explain the location of the manufacturing industries in Italy in the period 1871–1911. The analytical framework takes into account of two competing theories on the determinants of the location of economic activity: the Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) theory on factor endowments and the new economic geography (NEG) theory on access to markets. The methodology used here is based on Midelfart-Knarvik et al. (The location of European industry, European Economy Economic Papers 142. European Commission, 2000) and has seen several historical applications. The location of industries is explained through interactions between characteristics of the regions and characteristics of the sectors, of both H–O type and NEG type. The main finding is that endowments, and in particular energy and human capital, were the determinants of the geography of the first Italian industrialization. Market access, at this point of industrialization, mattered only in its domestic formulation and only through economies of scale.

中文翻译：

---

市场与捐赠：解释意大利的早期工业区位（1871-1911年）

本文旨在解释1871–1911年期间意大利制造业的位置。该分析框架考虑了两种有关经济活动地点决定因素的相互竞争的理论：关于要素end赋的赫克斯彻—奥林（H–O）理论和关于市场准入的新经济地理学（NEG）理论。此处使用的方法基于Midelfart-Knarvik等。（欧洲工业的位置，欧洲经济经济论文142。欧洲委员会，2000年），并且已经看到了一些历史应用。通过H-O型和NEG型的区域特征和部门特征之间的相互作用来解释产业的位置。主要发现是end赋，特别是能源和人力资本，是意大利第一个工业化地区的决定因素。在工业化的这一点上，市场准入仅在其国内形式上和规模经济上具有重要性。