The article discusses the new series of services GDP for Italy (1861–1951), which have been incorporated in the Italian historical accounts. Three main results emerge. First, the new historical estimates of services appear to be more reliable than the previous ones, published by Istat (Indagine statistica sullo sviluppo del reddito nazionale dell’Italia dal 1861 al 1956. Annali di Statistica, Istat, Rome, 1957). Second, the differences between the estimates of services make up for most of the differences observed between the old GDP series and the new one, and they have a significant impact on the performance of the Italian economy, also in international comparisons. Third, cointegration analysis suggests the presence of a significant break at the end of the nineteenth century, in line with industry: since then, the traditional services lagged behind, while the innovative ones (and since the Great War also social/collective services) shared the same rising trend as industry. This result confirms the idea of a «great transformation» of the Italian economy, first pioneered by Gerschenkron, which began at the end of the nineteenth century arguably as a consequence of institutional and political changes.

中文翻译：

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重新思考起飞：服务在意大利新经济史中的作用（1861-1951年）

本文讨论了意大利服务业GDP的新系列（1861-1951年），这些系列已纳入意大利的历史记录中。出现了三个主要结果。首先，新的服务历史估计似乎比以前的统计更可靠，该统计是由Istat发布的（Indagine statistica sullo sviluppo del reddito nazionale dell'Italia dal 1861 al1956。Annalidi Statistica，Istat，罗马，1957年）。其次，服务业估计值之间的差异弥补了旧的GDP系列与新的GDP系列之间观察到的大部分差异，在国际比较中，它们也对意大利经济的表现产生了重大影响。第三，协整分析表明，在19世纪末，随着行业的发展，出现了重大突破：此后，传统服务落后于传统服务，而创新服务（自从一战以来也是社会/集体服务）分享了与工业相同的增长趋势。这一结果证实了由Gerschenkron率先提出的意大利经济“大变革”的想法，该想法始于19世纪末，是制度和政治变革的结果。