Ever since allegations arose of Russian meddling in the 2016 United States presidential election, cyber influence operations have garnered worldwide attention. This article examines the different options available under international law for holding States responsible for cyber influence operations on elections. To this end, the article first elaborates a typology of different cyber election meddling techniques, before examining three paradigms of international law that may be relied upon to frame State responses to cyber influence operations – the general public international law paradigm, the human rights paradigm, and the State liability paradigm. The article concludes by considering why States have so far avoided the vocabulary of international law in formulating their responses to cyber influence operations and offers a suggestion as to where international law may have a more central role to play in this context in the future.

中文翻译：

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影响下的民主：选举中网络影响行动的国家责任范式

自从俄罗斯干预 2016 年美国总统大选的指控出现以来，网络影响行动就引起了全世界的关注。本文研究了国际法规定的不同选项，可让国家对选举的网络影响行动负责。为此，本文首先阐述了不同网络选举干预技术的类型，然后研究了可用于制定国家对网络影响行动的反应的三种国际法范式——一般公法范式、人权范式、和国家责任范式。