Intervention with children with speech and language difficulties has been proven beneficial compared with no treatment yet, knowing what type of intervention to provide remains a challenge. Studies of English-speaking children indicate that intervention targeting the production of morphological targets may have a positive effect on phonological aspects and vice versa. However, studies have not reported on generalization effects to untreated morphemes and little is yet known about morphological intervention in the context of a highly inflected language. The purpose of the current intervention case study was to investigate the effect of intervention in relation to phonological and morphological targets in Greek, a language characterized by complex inflectional morphology. A single subject research design was used with pre- and post-intervention assessment carried out. The participant was a four-year-old Greek-speaking boy with speech difficulties. The production of /s/, a phoneme used in multiple phonological and morphological contexts was targeted with alternating focus of intervention between phonological and morphological targets. Assessment took place at two levels: macro-assessment to monitor broad changes in speech; micro-assessment to measure therapy-specific changes in the production of treated targets and generalization to untreated targets and control items. There were four phases of intervention with a total of 24 hours of therapy. Significant improvement in performance accuracy was found between assessment scores immediately pre- and post-intervention. Intervention targeting the production of a phoneme in the word stem was not sufficient to accomplish the accurate production of morphemes requiring the same phoneme; intervention directly targeting morphemes was successful. Within-domain generalization was observed in both domains. Improved naming accuracy was observed post-intervention that was maintained at follow-up. The present study supports the case for morphophonological intervention. Morphological elements should be addressed in a comprehensive intervention for speech sound disorders.

中文翻译：

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形态语音干预的案例：来自有语言困难的希腊语儿童的证据

与尚未进行治疗相比，对有言语和语言困难的儿童进行干预已被证明是有益的，但知道提供何种类型的干预仍然是一个挑战。对讲英语的儿童的研究表明，针对形态目标产生的干预可能对语音方面产生积极影响，反之亦然。然而，研究尚未报告对未经处理的语素的泛化效应，并且对高度屈折语言上下文中的形态学干预知之甚少。当前干预案例研究的目的是调查干预对希腊语语音和形态目标的影响，希腊语是一种以复杂屈折形态为特征的语言。使用单一主题研究设计进行干预前和干预后评估。参与者是一个四岁的希腊语男孩，有语言障碍。/s/ 是一种在多个音系和形态语境中使用的音素，其目标是在音系和形态目标之间交替进行干预。评估发生在两个层面：宏观评估以监测言语的广泛变化；微观评估以测量治疗目标的产生中的治疗特异性变化以及对未治疗目标和控制项目的概括。有四个阶段的干预，总共有 24 小时的治疗。在干预前后的评估分数之间发现了性能准确性的显着提高。针对词干中音素产生的干预不足以实现需要相同音素的词素的准确产生；直接针对语素的干预是成功的。在两个域中都观察到域内泛化。干预后观察到命名准确性的提高，并在随访中保持不变。本研究支持形态语音干预的案例。应在语音障碍的综合干预中解决形态学因素。干预后观察到命名准确性的提高，并在随访中保持不变。本研究支持形态语音干预的案例。应在语音障碍的综合干预中解决形态学因素。干预后观察到命名准确性的提高，并在随访中保持不变。本研究支持形态语音干预的案例。应在语音障碍的综合干预中解决形态学因素。