Transformational leaders challenge the status quo, provide a vision of a promising future, and motivate and inspire their followers to join in the pursuit of a better world. But many of these leaders also fit the American Psychiatric Association classification for narcissistic personality disorder. They are grandiose, entitled, self-confident, risk seeking, manipulative, and hostile. This article reviews the literature on narcissism and shows how what we think of as transformational leadership overlaps substantially with grandiose narcissism. As grandiose narcissists can appear as transformational leaders, it is important to distinguish between what leadership scholars have characterized as “transformational” and these “pseudo-transformational” candidates.

变革型领导人挑战现状，提供有前途的未来愿景，并激励和激励其追随者加入追求更美好世界的行列。但是，这些领导者中的许多人也符合美国精神病协会对自恋型人格障碍的分类。他们宏伟，有资格，自信，冒险，操纵和敌对。本文回顾了有关自恋的文献，并展示了我们对变革型领导的看法与宏大的自恋有何实质重叠。由于宏大的自恋者可以作为变革型领导者出现，因此必须区分领导学者所描述的“变革型”候选人和这些“伪变革型”候选人。