ABSTRACT The clitic =lku in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan, Australia) has been previously analyzed as a ‘change of state’ marker indicating some proposition is false at an earlier time, and true at a later time. In this paper, I examine a number of uses of =lku, which require expanding and refining the ‘change of state’ analysis, in order to argue for a new analysis of =lku as a temporal and discourse clitic. The temporal function locates the event or state being modified by =lku in the temporal consequence of another event or state. This function interacts with lexical aspect, triggering an inference of the cessation of an ongoing state or event, if there is one, and encoding the inception of the state or event being modified by =lku. The discourse use of =lku frames new information which should be evaluated against the ongoing discourse. I also demonstrate some striking cross-linguistic similarities, showing that temporal morphemes commonly interact with discourse structure, just as =lku does in Warlpiri and Warlmanpa.

中文翻译：

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对比和追溯含义：对 Warlpiri 和 Warlmanpa 中 =lku 'now, then' 的分析

摘要 Warlpiri 和 Warlmanpa（Ngumpin-Yapa，Pama-Nyungan，澳大利亚）中的 clitic =lku 先前已被分析为“状态变化”标记，表明某些命题在较早的时间是错误的，在较晚的时间是正确的。在本文中，我研究了 =lku 的多种用途，这些用途需要扩展和完善“状态变化”分析，以支持将 =lku 作为时间和话语的附着点进行新的分析。时间函数将被 =lku 修改的事件或状态定位在另一个事件或状态的时间结果中。此函数与词法方面交互，触发对正在进行的状态或事件停止的推断（如果有），并编码由 =lku 修改的状态或事件的开始。=lku 的话语使用构成了新信息，应该根据正在进行的话语进行评估。我还展示了一些惊人的跨语言相似性，表明时间语素通常与话语结构相互作用，就像 Warlpiri 和 Warlmanpa 中的 =lku 一样。