ABSTRACT We discuss two unrelated languages, Jingulu (Mirndi, non-Pama-Nyungan) and Mudburra (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan), which have been in contact for 200–500 years. The language contact situation is unusual cross-linguistically due to the high number of shared nouns, tending to an almost shared noun lexicon. Even more unusually, this lexicon was formed by borrowing in both directions at a relatively equal rate. The aim of this paper is to extend the bidirectional noun borrowing results to the verbal systems of Jingulu and Mudburra to determine whether a similarly high rate of borrowing occurred, and if so, whether it was similarly bidirectional. The high degree of shared Jingulu–Mudburra verb forms was first observed by Pensalfini who claimed that Jingulu and Mudburra lexical verbs are almost entirely cognate across these two languages. This paper aims to quantify the degree of shared verb forms and determine the direction of borrowing between Mudburra and Jingulu. We first establish shared forms and then determine the origins of the forms based on a comparative database of verbs from geographic and phylogenetic neighbours (Wambaya, Gurindji and Jaminjung).

中文翻译：

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借给我你的动词：Jingulu 和 Mudburra 之间的动词借用

摘要 我们讨论了两种不相关的语言，Jingulu（Mirndi，非 Pama-Nyungan）和 Mudburra（Ngumpin-Yap，Pama-Nyungan），它们已经接触了 200-500 年。由于共享名词的数量很多，语言接触情况在跨语言上是不寻常的，趋向于几乎共享的名词词典。更不寻常的是，这个词典是通过以相对相等的速度双向借用而形成的。本文的目的是将双向名词借用结果扩展到 Jingulu 和 Mudburra 的动词系统，以确定是否发生了类似的高借用率，如果发生了，是否是类似的双向借用。Pensalfini 首次观察到 Jingulu-Mudburra 动词形式的高度共享，他声称 Jingulu 和 Mudburra 词汇动词在这两种语言中几乎完全同源。本文旨在量化共享动词形式的程度，并确定 Mudburra 和 Jingulu 之间的借用方向。我们首先建立共享形式，然后根据来自地理和系统发育邻居（Wambaya、Gurindji 和 Jaminjung）的动词比较数据库确定这些形式的起源。