This article employs a household survey of low-income working-class households conducted in Tokyo in 1930 to investigate nutritional attainment levels and the relationship between calorie intake and morbidity. We find that the daily calorie intake was 2,118 kcal per adult male equivalent, high enough to satisfy the energy requirements for moderate physical activity. Richer households purchased more expensive calories mainly by substituting meat and vegetables for rice. We find negative associations between morbidity and income and crowding, but no significant associations for nutrition, tentatively suggesting that income and crowding were more important for morbidity in 1930 Tokyo than nutrition.

中文翻译：

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1930 年东京低收入家庭的营养、拥挤和疾病

本文采用 1930 年在东京进行的低收入工薪阶层家庭调查来调查营养水平以及卡路里摄入量与发病率之间的关系。我们发现，每成年男性的每日卡路里摄入量为 2,118 kcal，足以满足适度体育活动的能量需求。较富裕的家庭主要通过用肉类和蔬菜代替米饭来购买更昂贵的卡路里。我们发现发病率与收入和拥挤之间存在负相关，但与营养没有显着关联，初步表明收入和拥挤对 1930 年东京的发病率比营养更重要。