Using panel data from the 2010 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, this paper estimates the incidence and impact of horizontal and vertical mismatches on labour mobility among Korean female college graduates at the early stages of their careers. Unlike most previous studies, this study proposes three types of educational mismatch status: (1) vertically mismatched only; (2) horizontally mismatched only; and (3) both vertically and horizontally mismatched. The findings show that the share of educationally mismatched workers is non‐negligible in the Korean labour market (approximately 30 per cent). However, the data also points to an improvement in job matching over time. Regardless of the type of educational mismatch, the results provide evidence consistent with many previous studies: educational mismatch is significantly and positively associated with job turnover. In particular, vertically and horizontally mismatched workers are more likely to switch jobs than their vertically or horizontally mismatched counterparts. These findings indicate that educationally mismatched graduates are more likely to change jobs—suggesting that educational mismatch can be viewed as an investment in human capital at the beginning of a career.

中文翻译：

---

纵向和横向的错配和职业流动性：女大学毕业生的证据

本文使用2010年毕业生职业流动性调查的面板数据，估算了职业生涯初期韩国女大学生横向和纵向错配对劳动力流动的发生率和影响。与大多数以前的研究不同，本研究提出了三种类型的教育失配状态：（1）仅垂直失配；（2）仅水平不匹配；（3）垂直和水平不匹配。研究结果表明，在韩国劳动力市场中，受教育程度不匹配的工人所占的比例不可忽略（约30％）。但是，这些数据还表明，随着时间的推移，工作匹配度有所提高。不论教育失配的类型如何，研究结果均提供与许多先前研究一致的证据：教育失配与工作流失呈显着正相关。特别是，垂直和水平不匹配的工人比其垂直或水平不匹配的工人更有可能更换工作。这些发现表明，教育程度不匹配的毕业生更有可能换工作，这表明教育程度不匹配可以被视为职业初期对人力资本的投资。