ABSTRACT This article investigates the facts and performance of the Indonesia legal system in providing recognition and protection to indigenous peoples in the management of natural resources. This includes the patterns of legal relationships regarding land ownership in the indigenous peoples’ controlled areas. This study draws on information collected from selected areas in East Kalimantan, namely: Paser Mayang Village of Paser Regency (for coastal issues), in addition to Lamin Telihan Village, Lamin Pulut Village and Teluk Bingkai Village of Kutai Kertanegara Regency (for land and forest issues). The ever-growing strength of legal unification carries the spirit of legal certainty. This has reduced the use of customary law in maintaining access to and legal guarantee over the management of natural resources. Companies that have the support of the state through the licencing systems to control natural resources also have used the superiority of state law. Indigenous peoples have limited resources to satisfy their requirements to acquire licences. As such, indigenous peoples are surely losing their control of their own lands to these companies or corporations. This is slowly and inevitably degrading the identity and integrity of the indigenous peoples and the traditional culture. The weakness of the legal protection over the areas utilized by the indigenous peoples evidently confirms the failure of the state in recognizing and protecting indigenous peoples and their rights.

中文翻译：

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国家未能承认和保护东加里曼丹的土著人民获取自然资源

摘要 本文调查了印度尼西亚法律制度在自然资源管理中承认和保护土著人民的事实和表现。这包括土著人民控制地区土地所有权的法律关系模式。本研究借鉴了从东加里曼丹选定地区收集的信息，即：Paser Regency 的 Paser Mayang 村（针对沿海问题），以及 Kutai Kertanegara Regency 的 Lamin Telihan 村、Lamin Pulut 村和 Teluk Bingkai 村（针对土地和森林问题）问题）。法律统一力量的不断增强承载着法律确定性的精神。这减少了习惯法在维持自然资源管理的获取和法律保障方面的使用。通过许可制度获得国家支持以控制自然资源的公司也利用了国家法律的优势。土著人民的资源有限，无法满足他们获得许可证的要求。因此，土著人民肯定会失去对这些公司或公司的控制权。这正在慢慢地、不可避免地降低土著人民和传统文化的身份和完整性。对原住民使用区域的法律保护的薄弱，显然印证了国家在承认和保护原住民及其权利方面的失败。土著人民的资源有限，无法满足他们获得许可证的要求。因此，土著人民肯定会失去对这些公司或公司的控制权。这正在慢慢地、不可避免地降低土著人民和传统文化的身份和完整性。对原住民使用区域的法律保护的薄弱，显然印证了国家在承认和保护原住民及其权利方面的失败。土著人民的资源有限，无法满足他们获得许可证的要求。因此，土著人民肯定会失去对这些公司或公司的控制权。这正在慢慢地、不可避免地降低土著人民和传统文化的身份和完整性。对原住民使用区域的法律保护的薄弱，显然印证了国家在承认和保护原住民及其权利方面的失败。