Public policy decisions often require rhetorically-engaged citizens to have some understanding of the science and technology involved. On many current issues (GMO crops, vaccinations, climate change) sectors of the public hold views differing from those of most scientists, and they often do not support proposals based on the scientists’ views. The overall cultural authority of science has also been challenged in the last decade by several negative trends in the sciences themselves, including widely-reported cases of fraud and failures in replication. With the support of professional science organizations, science communication specialists have stepped in aggressively to address science’s communication problems scientifically. This paper will examine the assumptions behind their advice on scientific information, their recommended strategies of framing, narration, and projecting trustworthiness, and their characterizations of audiences and the nature of science itself. From the perspective of rhetorical argumentation, the science communication literature does not promote addressing audiences as citizens capable of rational argumentation. But the science of science communication is likely to remain the dominant approach to public science with the professional science community.

中文翻译：

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修辞公民与科学传播科学

公共政策决策通常要求公民对所涉及的科学和技术有一定的了解。在当前许多问题（转基因作物、疫苗接种、气候变化）上，公众的观点与大多数科学家不同，他们往往不支持基于科学家观点的建议。在过去十年中，科学的整体文化权威也受到科学本身的一些负面趋势的挑战，包括广泛报道的欺诈和复制失败案例。在专业科学组织的支持下，科学传播专家积极介入，科学地解决科学传播问题。本文将研究他们对科学信息的建议背后的假设，他们推荐的框架、叙述和投射可信度的策略，以及他们对观众的特征和科学本身的性质。从修辞论证的角度来看，科学传播文献并不提倡将受众作为能够理性论证的公民。但科学传播科学很可能仍然是专业科学界公共科学的主要方法。