We examine the interpretation of ambiguous pronouns in Spanish–English bilingual adults, in contexts in which social–communicative cues (looking-only or looking-and-pointing) are used. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that pronoun interpretation is guided by the first-mention bias, which is modulated by the presence of the social–communicative cues both in monolinguals and in bilinguals. In Experiment 2, we show that if the speaker using the social–communicative cues is a non-native speaker of English, bilinguals rely more strongly on the social–communicative cues than monolinguals. Experiment 3 shows that stronger reliance on social–communicative cues in bilinguals’ interpretations is not the result of more accurate speech comprehension. Our results demonstrate that the ability to utilize the looking-only and looking-and-pointing cues is not driven by a superior ability to accurately read social cues in bilingual adults. In addition, monolinguals show lower sensitivity to the speaker’s intent when the speaker is a non-native speaker of English.

中文翻译：

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使用社交-交际线索来解释模棱两可的代词：双语成人与单语成人不同

我们研究了在使用社交交流线索（只看或看和指点）的情况下，西班牙语-英语双语成人对模棱两可代词的解释。在实验 1 中，我们证明了代词解释是由首次提及偏差引导的，该偏差受到单语和双语中社会交际线索的调节。在实验 2 中，我们表明，如果使用社交交际线索的说话者是非英语母语者，则双语者比单语者更依赖社交交际线索。实验 3 表明，在双语者的解释中对社会交际线索的更强依赖并不是更准确的语音理解的结果。我们的研究结果表明，在双语成人中准确阅读社交线索的能力并不驱动使用只看和指点线索的能力。此外，当说话者是非英语母语者时，单语者对说话者意图的敏感度较低。