Bilingualism is a complex life experience. Second language (L2) learning and bilingualism take place in many different contexts. To develop a comprehensive account of dual-language experience requires research that examines individuals who are learning and using two languages in both the first language (L1) and second language (L2) environments. In this article, we review studies that exploit the presence of an international research network on bilingualism to investigate the role of the environment and some the unique characteristics of L2 learning and bilingual language usage in different locations. We ask how the context of learning affects the acquisition of the L2 and the ability to control the use of each language, how language processing is changed by the patterns of language usage in different places (e.g., whether bilinguals have been immersed in the L2 environment for an extended period of time or whether they code-switch), and how the bilingualism of the community itself influences learning and language use.

中文翻译：

---

跨国际环境的语言使用：塑造 L2 演讲者的思想

双语是一种复杂的生活体验。第二语言 (L2) 学习和双语学习发生在许多不同的环境中。要全面了解双语体验，需要对在第一语言 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 环境中学习和使用两种语言的个人进行研究。在本文中，我们回顾了利用国际双语研究网络的存在来调查环境的作用以及不同地区二语学习和双语使用的一些独特特征的研究。我们询问学习环境如何影响 L2 的习得和控制每种语言使用的能力，不同地方的语言使用模式如何改变语言处理（例如，