Between 1976 and 1999, twelve states passed laws requiring that lists of eligible jurors for state trials be created by selecting at random from publicly available sources, limiting the discretion of jury commissioners to exclude African Americans from jury service. A difference-in-difference analysis suggests these reforms led to a 5–6 percentage point drop in the share of new admissions to prison accounted for by African Americans and other minorities, and lower rates of exercise of the death penalty overall.

中文翻译：

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过程就是惩罚：州法院的陪审员人口统计和案件管理

1976年至1999年之间，有12个州通过了法律，要求从公开可用的资源中随机选择来创建合格的州陪审员名单，从而限制了陪审团委员的自由裁量权，以将非洲裔美国人排除在陪审团之外。差异分析表明，这些改革导致非裔美国人和其他少数族裔占新入狱人数的比例下降了5–6个百分点，并且总体上降低了死刑的执行率。