Decolonization and its quite valid discontents lay at the center of this advisory opinion regarding the territory and populations of islands located in the Indian Ocean. Answering questions posed by the UN General Assembly, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) concluded that because the Chagos Archipelago was detached from Mauritius as a condition of independence, the decolonization of Mauritius had not been completed in accordance with international law. The Court further ruled unlawful the United Kingdom's continued administration of the Chagos Archipelago and called upon all UN member states to aid completion of the decolonization process. Nearly unanimous—the sole dissenter on the merits was Judge Joan E. Donoghue of the United States—the advisory opinion contained significant pronouncements on decolonization, on the right of all peoples to self-determination, and on the formation of customary rules respecting both. It did so in a manner that implicated the ICJ's role as the judicial organ of the United Nations, in whose General Assembly and other political bodies the next episodes in the Chagos controversy seem destined to unfold.

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1965 年查戈斯群岛与毛里求斯分离的法律后果

非殖民化及其相当有效的不满是这份关于印度洋岛屿领土和人口的咨询意见的核心。在回答联合国大会提出的问题时，国际法院（ICJ或Court）得出结论认为，由于查戈斯群岛作为独立条件脱离毛里求斯，毛里求斯的非殖民化并未按照国际法完成。法院进一步裁定英国继续管理查戈斯群岛是非法的，并呼吁所有联合国成员国协助完成非殖民化进程。几乎一致——对案情的唯一反对者是美国的琼·多诺霍法官——咨询意见包含关于非殖民化的重要声明，关于所有人民的自决权，以及形成尊重这两者的习惯规则。这样做的方式暗示了国际法院作为联合国司法机构的作用，在联合国大会和其他政治机构中，查戈斯争议的下一个情节似乎注定要展开。