This paper revisits the decades-old relative deprivation theory of migration. In contrast to the traditional view which portrays absolute income maximization as a driver of migration, we test whether relative deprivation induces migration in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Taking advantage of the internationally comparable longitudinal data from integrated household and agriculture surveys from Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda, we use panel fixed effects to estimate the effects of relative deprivation on migration. We find that a household s migration decision is based not only on its wellbeing status but also on the relative position of the household in the wellbeing distribution of the local community. Results are robust to alternative specifications including pooled data across the five countries and the migration relative deprivation relationship is amplified in rural, agricultural, and male-headed households. Results imply a need to renew the discussion of relative deprivation as a cause of migration. Acknowledgement :

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相对剥夺会导致移民吗？来自撒哈拉以南非洲的证据

本文重新审视了几十年前的移民相对剥夺理论。与将绝对收入最大化描绘为移民驱动因素的传统观点相反，我们测试了相对剥夺是否会在撒哈拉以南非洲的背景下诱发移民。利用来自坦桑尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、马拉维、尼日利亚和乌干达的综合家庭和农业调查的国际可比纵向数据，我们使用面板固定效应来估计相对剥夺对移民的影响。我们发现，一个家庭的迁移决策不仅基于其福祉状况，还基于该家庭在当地社区福祉分布中的相对位置。结果对于替代规范（包括五个国家的汇总数据）是稳健的，并且移民相对剥夺关系在农村、农业和男性户主家庭中被放大。结果意味着需要重新讨论作为移民原因的相对剥夺。确认：