当前位置: X-MOL 学术Am. J. Agric. Econ. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Incorporating Uncertainty into USDA Commodity Price Forecasts
American Journal of Agricultural Economics ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 , DOI: 10.1002/ajae.12075
Michael K. Adjemian 1 , Valentina G. Bruno 2 , Michel A. Robe 3
Affiliation  

From 1977 through April 2019, USDA published monthly season‐average price (SAP) forecasts for key agricultural commodities in the form of intervals meant to indicate forecasters' uncertainty but without attaching a confidence level. In May 2019, USDA eliminated the intervals and began publishing a single point estimate—a value that has a very low probability of being realized. We demonstrate how a density forecasting format can improve the usefulness of USDA price forecasts and explain how such a methodology can be implemented. We simulate 21 years of out‐of‐sample density‐based SAP forecasts using historical data, with forward‐looking, backward‐looking, and composite methods, and we evaluate them based on commonly‐accepted criteria. Each of these approaches would offer USDA the ability to portray richer and more accurate price forecasts than its old intervals or its current single point estimates. Backward‐looking methods require little data and provide significant improvements. For commodities with active derivatives markets, option‐implied volatilities (IVs) can be used to generate forward‐looking and composite models that reflect (and adjust dynamically to) market sentiment about uncertainty—a feature that is not possible using backward‐looking data alone. At certain forecast steps, a composite method that combines forward‐ and backward‐looking information provides useful information regarding farm‐level prices beyond that contained in IVs.

中文翻译:

将不确定性纳入美国农业部商品价格预测

从 1977 年到 2019 年 4 月,美国农业部以区间形式发布了主要农产品的月度季节平均价格 (SAP) 预测,旨在表明预测者的不确定性,但没有附加置信水平。2019 年 5 月,美国农业部取消了间隔并开始发布单点估计值——该值实现的可能性非常低。我们演示了密度预测格式如何提高美国农业部价格预测的实用性,并解释了如何实施这种方法。我们使用历史数据,采用前瞻性、回顾性和复合方法模拟 21 年基于样本外密度的 SAP 预测,并根据普遍接受的标准对其进行评估。这些方法中的每一种都将使美国农业部能够描绘比其旧间隔或当前单点估计更丰富、更准确的价格预测。回溯方法只需要很少的数据并提供显着的改进。对于衍生品市场活跃的商品,期权隐含波动率 (IV) 可用于生成前瞻性和复合模型,以反映(并动态调整)市场对不确定性的情绪——这是单独使用回顾性数据无法实现的特征. 在某些预测步骤中,结合前瞻性和后向信息的复合方法提供了有关农场价格的有用信息,超出了 IV 中包含的信息。回溯方法只需要很少的数据并提供显着的改进。对于衍生品市场活跃的商品,期权隐含波动率 (IV) 可用于生成前瞻性和复合模型,以反映(并动态调整)市场对不确定性的情绪——这是单独使用回顾性数据无法实现的特征. 在某些预测步骤中,结合前瞻性和后向信息的复合方法提供了有关农场价格的有用信息,超出了 IV 中包含的信息。回溯方法只需要很少的数据并提供显着的改进。对于衍生品市场活跃的商品,期权隐含波动率 (IV) 可用于生成前瞻性和复合模型,以反映(并动态调整)市场对不确定性的情绪——这是单独使用回顾性数据无法实现的特征. 在某些预测步骤中,结合前瞻性和后向信息的复合方法提供了有关农场价格的有用信息,超出了 IV 中包含的信息。
更新日期:2020-02-19
down
wechat
bug