A genetic sexing strain (GSS) is an essential component for pest control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). A GSS is developed using a combination of Y-autosome translocation and a selectable marker such as pupal color, resulting in heterozygous males and homozygous females that possess wild-type brown pupae (wp+) and mutant white pupae (wp) alleles, respectively. The genetic sexing Salaya1 strain developed for Bactrocera dorsalis was evaluated using a clean stream and scaled-up for subsequent production lines (e.g., initiation, injection, and release). Colony management under small- and large-scale conditions for long-term rearing may affect the sexing system, genetic background, and fitness performance of the strain. Routine monitoring was applied to study genetic stability, genetic variation, and male mating competitiveness. The percentage of recombinants was significantly different between males (wp) and females (wp+), ranging between 0.21–0.43% and 0.01–0.04%, respectively. Using 106 bands from six ISSR markers, the genetic backgrounds of two generations (F40 and F108) of the clean stream were found to be almost identical (0.960), and between those two generations and the wild population, the similarities were 0.840 and 0.800, respectively. In addition, the sterile males performed well in competitive mating with fertile females (Relative Sterility Index = 0.67 ± 0.13). The rates of fliers calculated from both clean and release streams were higher than 0.95. Regarding the fitness of the Salaya1 strain, the fertility and pupal recovery were similar in all production lines. The sex ratio (Male/Female) distortion was also recorded. The Salaya1 strain reared at the mass-rearing facility retained its genetic stability, genetic variation, behavior (e.g., competitive mating and flight ability), and traits related to fitness for at least 10 consecutive generations. The filter rearing system is effective at minimising the selection pressure while maintaining the genetic background and fitness performances of the clean stream. These characteristics were stable throughout the production lines. In addition, the production efficiency is comparable among the different production lines and other similar types of GSSs.

中文翻译：

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长期群养条件下背对小实蝇的遗传性别Salaya1菌株的遗传稳定性，遗传变异和适应性

遗传性别鉴定品系（GSS）是使用无菌昆虫技术（SIT）进行害虫防治的重要组成部分。使用Y-常染色体易位和选择标记（例如p颜色）的组合来开发GSS，从而导致分别具有野生型棕色p（wp +）和突变型白色p（wp）等位基因的杂合雄性和纯合雌性。使用干净的流评估了为桔小实蝇研发的遗传性别Salaya1菌株，并扩大了规模以用于后续生产线（例如起始，注射和释放）。在小规模和大规模条件下进行长期饲养的菌落管理可能会影响菌株的性别体系，遗传背景和适应性表现。常规监测用于研究遗传稳定性，遗传变异和雄性交配竞争力。男性（wp）和女性（wp +）之间的重组子百分比显着不同，分别在0.21-0.43％和0.01-0.04％之间。使用来自六个ISSR标记的106条带，发现清洁世代的两个世代（F40和F108）的遗传背景几乎相同（0.960），并且这两个世代与野生种群之间的相似性为0.840和0.800，分别。此外，不育雄性与育性雌性的竞争交配表现良好（相对不育指数= 0.67±0.13）。从清洁流和释放流计算的飞行物比率均高于0.95。关于Salaya1菌株的适应性，所有生产线的繁殖力和p回收率均相似。还记录了性别比例（男性/女性）畸变。在大规模饲养设施中饲养的Salaya1菌株至少连续10代保留了其遗传稳定性，遗传变异，行为（例如竞争性交配和飞行能力）以及与适应性有关的性状。过滤器饲养系统可有效降低选择压力，同时保持遗传背景和清洁流的适应性。这些特性在整个生产线上都很稳定。另外，在不同的生产线和其他类似类型的GSS之间，生产效率是可比的。过滤器饲养系统可有效降低选择压力，同时保持洁净流的遗传背景和适应性。这些特性在整个生产线上都很稳定。另外，在不同的生产线和其他类似类型的GSS之间，生产效率是可比的。过滤器饲养系统可有效降低选择压力，同时保持遗传背景和清洁流的适应性。这些特性在整个生产线上都很稳定。另外，在不同的生产线和其他类似类型的GSS之间，生产效率是可比的。