Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely used engineered nanomaterials in consumer products, primarily due to their antimicrobial properties. This widespread usage has resulted in concerns regarding potential adverse environmental impacts and increased probability of human exposure. As the number of AgNP consumer products grows, the likelihood of interactions with other household materials increases. AgNP products have the potential to interact with household cleaning products in laundry, dishwashers, or during general use of all-purpose surface cleaners. This study has investigated the interaction between surfactant-based surface cleaning products and AgNPs of different sizes and with different capping agents. One AgNP consumer product, two laboratory-synthesized AgNPs, and ionic silver were selected for interaction with one cationic, one anionic, and one nonionic surfactant product to simulate AgNP transformations during consumer product usage before disposal and subsequent environmental release. Changes in size, morphology, and chemical composition were detected during a 60 min exposure to surfactant-based surface cleaning products using ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Generally, once AgNP suspensions were exposed to surfactant-based surface cleaning products, all the particles showed an initial aggregation, likely due to disruption of their capping agents. Over the 60 min exposure, cleaning agent-1 (cationic) showed more significant particle aggregates than cleaning agent-2 (anionic) and cleaning agent-3 (nonionic). In addition, UV/Vis, TEM-EDX, and DLS confirmed formation of incidental AgNPs from interaction of ionic silver with all surfactant types.

中文翻译：

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银纳米粒子与基于表面活性剂的家用表面清洁剂的相互作用

银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 是消费品中使用最广泛的工程纳米材料，主要是由于它们的抗菌特性。这种广泛使用引起了对潜在不利环境影响和人类暴露概率增加的担忧。随着 AgNP 消费品数量的增加，与其他家居材料相互作用的可能性也在增加。AgNP 产品有可能与洗衣房、洗碗机中的家用清洁产品或通用表面清洁剂的一般使用过程中发生相互作用。本研究调查了基于表面活性剂的表面清洁产品与不同尺寸和不同封端剂的 AgNP 之间的相互作用。选择一种 AgNP 消费品、两种实验室合成的 AgNP 和离子银与一种阳离子相互作用，一种阴离子表面活性剂产品和一种非离子表面活性剂产品，用于模拟消费品使用过程中的 AgNP 转化，然后再进行处置和随后的环境释放。使用紫外-可见 (UV/Vis) 光谱、透射电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱 (TEM-EDX)、和动态光散射 (DLS)。通常，一旦 AgNP 悬浮液暴露于基于表面活性剂的表面清洁产品中，所有颗粒都显示出初始聚集，这可能是由于其封端剂的破坏。在 60 分钟的暴露时间中，清洁剂 1（阳离子）显示出比清洁剂 2（阴离子）和清洁剂 3（非离子）更显着的颗粒聚集体。此外，UV/Vis、TEM-EDX、