Highly carboxylated nanocellulose fibers can be functionalized with cell adhesive peptides and cationic cross-linked to form matrices for a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. It is hypothesized that nanocellulose hydrogels cross-linked with divalent cations can provide the required biochemical and mechanical properties for intestinal organoid growth and recovery. Nanocellulose hydrogels are produced by TEMPO- and TEMPO-periodate-mediated oxidation and functionalized with RGD peptides. Mechanical properties are measured by rheology and optical properties quantified by UV–vis spectroscopy. Cellulosic matrices are cross-linked with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and intestinal organoids cultured for 4 days. The organoids are recovered for passaging and RNA extraction. TEMPO-periodate-oxidized nanocellulose fibers form functionalized hydrogels and support the growth of intestinal organoids. The highly transparent cellulosic matrix requires 4 times more Mg²⁺ than Ca²⁺ ions to reach the targeted stiffness. Organoids cultured in nanocellulose maintained a major living area for up to 4 days. Cell clusters recovered from magnesium-cross-linked hydrogels can be passaged, and their extracted RNA is intact. Cationic cross-linked nanocellulose hydrogels are promising alternative plant-based matrices for a 3D cell culture systems.

中文翻译：

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阳离子交联的基于纳米纤维素的肠类器官的生长和恢复基质。

高度羧化的纳米纤维素纤维可以用细胞粘附肽进行功能化，并进行阳离子交联以形成用于三维（3D）细胞培养的基质。假设与二价阳离子交联的纳米纤维素水凝胶可为肠道类器官的生长和恢复提供所需的生化和机械性能。纳米纤维素水凝胶是由TEMPO和TEMPO高碘酸盐介导的氧化作用产生的，并用RGD肽官能化。机械性能通过流变学测量，光学性能通过紫外可见光谱法定量。纤维素基质与Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺交联和肠类器官培养4天。回收类器官以进行传代和RNA提取。TEMPO-高碘酸盐氧化的纳米纤维素纤维形成功能化的水凝胶，并支持肠道类器官的生长。高度透明的纤维素基质需要比Ca ²⁺离子多4倍的Mg ²⁺才能达到目标硬度。在纳米纤维素中培养的类器官维持主要生活面积长达4天。从镁交联的水凝胶中回收的细胞簇可以通过，其提取的RNA完好无损。阳离子交联的纳米纤维素水凝胶有望成为3D细胞培养系统的替代植物基基质。