The poorly known sponge species Axinella vellerea (Topsent, 1904), Acarnus levii (Vacelet, 1960) and Haliclona poecillastroides (Vacelet, 1969) are reported from bottom-trawl samples off the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. A re-description is provided for all three species and the Folmer fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) obtained for A. levii and H. poecillastroides. This is the second report of A. vellerea in the Mediterranean, the first time that A. levii is reported outside Corsica and the first time that H. poecillastroides is documented outside the Gulf of Lion, France. The systematic allocation of A. levii and H. poecillastroides is discussed based on a COI phylogenetic analysis and morphology. The poorly understood phylogeny of the Haplosclerida does not permit us to find a proper allocation for H. poecillastroides, although its current position in the genus Haliclona or the family Chalinidae is not defensible. On the other hand, A. levii currently fits best in the family Microcionidae, and seems related to some Clathria species with mixed features between Clathria and Acarnus. Considering that the species of the genus Acarnus shares a strong synapomorphy (the possession of Cladotylotes), it is plausible for all Acarnus species to be Microcionids. We conclude that H. poecillastroides needs to be reallocated to a new genus: Xestospongia poecillastroides comb. nov. (Petrosiidae). However, a reallocation of A. levii is not advisable for the moment, as this would imply major systematic changes such as the reallocation of the whole genus Acarnus to Microcionidae, and the redescription of Microcionidae and Acarnidae.

中文翻译：

---

地中海鲜为人知的海绵，发现一些分类不一致

鲜为人知的海绵物种轴心菌(Topsent, 1904),阿卡努斯（Vacelet，1960 年）和拟南芥（Vacelet，1969 年）从西地中海巴利阿里群岛的底拖网样本中得到报告。重新描述了所有三个物种和获得的细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 的 Folmer 片段A.列维和H. poecillastroides. 这是第二份报告A. vellerea在地中海，第一次A.列维在科西嘉以外的地方被报道，并且是第一次H. poecillastroides记录在法国狮子湾之外。系统性分配A.列维和H. poecillastroides基于COI系统发育分析和形态学进行讨论。Haplosclerida 的系统发育知之甚少，我们无法找到适当的分配H. poecillastroides，尽管它目前在 Haliclona 属或 Chalinidae 家族中的位置是不可辩护的。另一方面，A.列维目前最适合 Microcionidae 家族，并且似乎与某些克拉斯里亚具有混合特征的物种克拉斯里亚和阿卡纳斯. 考虑到该属的种类阿卡纳斯具有强烈的突触性（拥有 Cladotylotes），这对所有人来说都是合理的阿卡纳斯物种是Microcionids。我们得出结论H. poecillastroides需要重新分配到一个新的属：Xestospongia poecillastroides梳子。十一月 （石鳖科）。然而，重新分配A.列维目前不建议这样做，因为这将意味着重大的系统性变化，例如整个属的重新分配阿卡纳斯到 Microcionidae，以及对 Microcionidae 和 Acarnidae 的重新描述。