Higher intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPF), which have undergone multiple processes and have poor nutrient quality, is associated with higher incidence of non-communicable diseases. Yet, its association with hypertension has scarcely been studied, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to estimate the associations between consumption of UPF (total, liquid and solid) and UPF subgroups and incident hypertension in a prospective cohort study. We used data from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort including 64 934 disease-free women aged ≥25 years at baseline. We assessed baseline usual dietary intake using a validated FFQ, and each item was categorised according to NOVA, a degree of food processing classification system. UPF and UPF subgroups were categorised according to the distribution of their contribution to total energy intake. Hypertension was self-reported. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95 % CI. During a median follow-up of 2·2 years, we identified 3752 incident cases of hypertension. Mean contribution of UPF to total energy intake was 29·8 (SD 9·4) % energy (23·4 (SD 8·9) % solid, 6·4 (SD 4·8) % liquid). Comparing extreme categories showed that higher total and solid UPF consumptions were not associated with incident hypertension (IRR 0·96, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·16; IRR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 1·01, respectively). However, liquid UPF and processed meats were associated with increased hypertension (IRR 1·32, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·65; IRR 1·17, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·36, respectively). Addressing intake of liquid UPF and processed meats may help in managing hypertension in LMIC.

中文翻译：

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超加工饮料和加工肉类增加墨西哥女性高血压的发病率

超加工食品 (UPF) 的摄入量较高，这些食品经过多次加工，营养质量较差，与非传染性疾病的发病率较高有关。然而，很少有人研究其与高血压的关系，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)。我们的目的是在一项前瞻性队列研究中估计 UPF（总、液体和固体）和 UPF 亚组的消耗与高血压事件之间的关联。我们使用了来自墨西哥教师队列的数据，包括 64 934 名基线年龄≥25 岁的无病女性。我们使用经过验证的 FFQ 评估基线通常饮食摄入量，并根据 NOVA（一种食品加工分类系统）对每个项目进行分类。UPF 和 UPF 亚组根据其对总能量摄入的贡献分布进行分类。高血压是自我报告的。我们估计了发病率比 (IRR) 及其 95 % CI。在 2·2 年的中位随访期间，我们确定了 3752 例高血压事件。UPF对总能量摄入的平均贡献为29·8（标清9·4) % 能量 (23·4 (标清8·9) % 固体，6·4 (标清4·8) % 液体)。比较极端类别表明，较高的总和固体 UPF 消耗与高血压事件无关（IRR 0·96、95 % CI 0·79、1·16；IRR 0·91、95 % CI 0·82、1·01、分别）。然而，液态 UPF 和加工肉类与高血压增加相关（IRR 1·32, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·65；IRR 1·17, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·36）。解决液体 UPF 和加工肉类的摄入量可能有助于控制 LMIC 的高血压。