We investigated the impact of recent caffeine drinking on glucose and other biomarkers of cardiometabolic function under free-living conditions while also accounting for lifestyle and genetic factors that alter caffeine metabolism and drinking behaviour. Up to 447 794 UK Biobank participants aged 37–73 years in 2006–2010 provided a non-fasting blood sample, for genetic and biomarker measures, and completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographics, medical history and lifestyle. Caffeine drinking (yes/no) about 1 h before blood collection was also recorded. Multivariable regressions were used to examine the association between recent caffeine drinking and serum levels of glycated Hb, glucose, lipids, apo, lipoprotein(a) and C-reactive protein. Men and women reporting recent caffeine drinking had clinically and significantly higher glucose levels than those not recently drinking caffeine (P < 0·0001). Larger effect sizes were observed among those 55+ years of age and with higher adiposity and longer fasting times (P ≤ 0·02 for interactions). Significant CYP1A2 rs2472297×caffeine and MLXIPL rs7800944 × caffeine interactions on glucose levels were observed among women (P = 0·004), with similar but non-significant interactions in men. Larger effect sizes were observed among women with rs2472297 CC or rs7800944 CC genotypes than among rs2472297 T or rs7800944 T carriers, respectively. In summary, men and women drinking caffeine within about 1 h of blood draw had higher glucose levels than those not drinking caffeine. Findings were modified by age, adiposity, fasting time and genetic factors related to caffeine metabolism and drinking behaviour. Implications for clinical and population studies of caffeine-containing beverages and cardiometabolic health are discussed.

中文翻译：

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英国生物银行近期摄入的含咖啡因饮料和心脏代谢功能的血清生物标志物


我们研究了自由生活条件下近期饮用咖啡因对血糖和其他心脏代谢功能生物标志物的影响，同时也考虑了改变咖啡因代谢和饮酒行为的生活方式和遗传因素。 2006 年至 2010 年期间，多达 447 794 名年龄在 37 至 73 岁的英国生物银行参与者提供了非空腹血液样本，用于遗传和生物标志物测量，并完成了有关社会人口统计学、病史和生活方式的调查问卷。还记录了采血前约 1 小时的咖啡因摄入量（是/否）。使用多变量回归来检查近期咖啡因饮用量与糖化血红蛋白、葡萄糖、脂质、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白(a) 和 C 反应蛋白的血清水平之间的关联。报告最近饮用咖啡因的男性和女性的临床血糖水平显着高于最近未饮用咖啡因的男性和女性 (P < 0·0001)。在 55 岁以上、肥胖程度较高和禁食时间较长的人群中观察到更大的效应量（交互作用 P ≤ 0·02）。在女性中观察到 CYP1A2 rs2472297 × 咖啡因和 MLXIPL rs7800944 × 咖啡因对血糖水平的显着相互作用 (P = 0·004)，在男性中也存在类似但不显着的相互作用。在具有 rs2472297 CC 或 rs7800944 CC 基因型的女性中观察到的效应大小分别比在 rs2472297 T 或 rs7800944 T 携带者中更大。总之，在抽血后约 1 小时内饮用咖啡因的男性和女性的血糖水平高于不饮用咖啡因的男性和女性。研究结果受到年龄、肥胖、禁食时间以及与咖啡因代谢和饮酒行为相关的遗传因素的影响。讨论了含咖啡因饮料和心脏代谢健康的临床和人群研究的意义。