Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in North American beef cattle. In recent years, isolation of strains of Mannheimia haemolytica that are resistant to multiple different classes of antimicrobials has become commonplace. New research would suggest that the routine use of antimicrobials by some cattle operations might be driving emerging resistance patterns, with the majority of the spread observed due to propagation of strains of M. haemolytica that have acquired integrative conjugative elements. To date, there is little information evaluating the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcome in cattle with BRD.

中文翻译：

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溶血性曼海姆菌的抗菌素耐药性：流行率和影响

牛呼吸道疾病 (BRD) 是北美肉牛发病和死亡的最常见原因。近年来，分离菌株溶血曼海姆菌对多种不同类别的抗微生物剂具有抗药性已变得司空见惯。新的研究表明，一些牛场常规使用抗微生物药物可能正在推动新出现的耐药模式，观察到的大部分传播是由于溶血分枝杆菌获得了综合共轭元素。迄今为止，几乎没有信息评估抗菌素耐药性对患有 BRD 的牛的临床结果的影响。