This paper presents the results of a study that explores the effect of a visual constraint on design behaviors of architecture students. To examine this effect, 24 second-year architecture students volunteered to participate. Each of them undertook similar conceptual design briefs in two different conditions, one with and another without a visual constraint. Retrospective reporting was used to collect the verbalization of participants. The FBS ontology was used to model the design cognition of the participants by coding their design protocols. A dynamic analysis was used to study the differences between the two conditions based on the problem–solution index. A further index, the pre-structure–post-structure index, was proposed to measure design behavior differences between the two conditions. The correspondence analysis was used to explore the effect of gender. There were statistically significant differences in the distributions of cognitive effort between the two groups. These differences include in the visual constraint group a decrease in the focus on behavior before structure and in the processes related to it, compared to the non-visual constraint group. The non-visual constraint group changed their focus on problem framing and solving while adding a visual constraint led participants to focus simultaneously on both framing and solving. The visual constraint group had a different attention temporally to pre- and post-structure design processes during designing than the non-visual constraint group. The order of experiencing the two design sessions had only a small effect. The results of correspondence analysis demonstrate that there are categorical gender differences not found using statistical testing.

中文翻译：

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探索视觉约束对学生设计认知的影响

本文介绍了一项研究的结果，该研究探讨了视觉约束对建筑学生设计行为的影响。为了检验这种效果，24 名二年级建筑系学生自愿参加。他们每个人都在两种不同的条件下进行了类似的概念设计简报，一种有视觉限制，另一种没有视觉限制。回顾性报告用于收集参与者的口头表达。FBS本体用于通过编码参与者的设计协议来对参与者的设计认知进行建模。动态分析用于研究基于问题-解决方案指数的两种情况之间的差异。提出了另一个指标，即结构前-结构后指标，以衡量两种条件之间的设计行为差异。对应分析用于探索性别的影响。两组之间的认知努力分布存在统计学上的显着差异。这些差异包括在视觉约束组中，与非视觉约束组相比，对结构之前的行为和与之相关的过程的关注有所减少。非视觉约束组改变了他们对问题框架和解决的关注，同时增加了一个视觉约束导致参与者同时关注框架和解决。与非视觉约束组相比，视觉约束组在设计过程中对结构设计前后过程的时间关注度不同。体验两次设计会议的顺序只产生了很小的影响。