Emerging tools and paradigm shift of gene editing in cereals, fruits, and horticultural crops for enhancing nutritional value and food security,Food and Energy Security

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Emerging tools and paradigm shift of gene editing in cereals, fruits, and horticultural crops for enhancing nutritional value and food security
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.258
Manish Tiwari ₁ , Prabodh Trivedi ₂ , Ashutosh Pandey ₁

Affiliation

Gene editing using sequence‐specific nucleases, particularly CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein, has drawn enormous attention in plant research in recent years. Nearly a decade ago, Cas9 protein was initially discovered for a role in adaptive immunity in bacteria. Owing to vast potential, a large number of reports came out in a short span of time, comprising the identification of Cas protein from different bacterial sources, new Cas9 variants with reduced off‐targets, multiplexing, base editing, prime editing, and RNA manipulation in plants. Studies revealed that CRISPR/Cas‐based gene editing can play a major role in ensuring food security via developing resilient commercial crops with improved yield and nutritional value. Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for creating mutation in genes and regulatory regions of promoter generated a number of alleles with variable phenotypes, which can serve as an excellent genetic resource in the breeding program. In this review, we provide a recent overview of state‐of‐art discoveries in the CRISPR/Cas system comprised of new Cas proteins, modifications of existing Cas9, refinements in CRISPR/Cas‐induced gene editing, applications, and outcome emphasizing on major cereals and horticultural crops. We also highlight the current global policy framework for the regulation of gene‐edited crops.

中文翻译：

谷物，水果和园艺作物中新兴的工具和基因编辑的范式转移，以提高营养价值和粮食安全

近年来，使用序列特异性核酸酶，特别是CRISPR / Cas核糖核蛋白进行基因编辑，在植物研究中引起了极大的关注。近十年前，最初发现Cas9蛋白在细菌的适应性免疫中起作用。由于潜力巨大，因此在很短的时间内就出现了许多报道，包括鉴定来自不同细菌来源的Cas蛋白，具有减少脱靶的新Cas9变体，多路复用，碱基编辑，引物编辑和RNA操作在植物中。研究表明，CRISPR /基于CAS的基因编辑可以在确保粮食安全的重大作用，通过开发具有提高产量和营养价值的韧性商品作物。使用CRISPR / Cas9系统在启动子的基因和调控区中产生突变可产生许多具有可变表型的等位基因，这些等位基因可作为育种计划中的优良遗传资源。在这篇综述中，我们提供了CRISPR / Cas系统中最新发现的最新概述，包括新的Cas蛋白，现有Cas9的修饰，CRISPR / Cas诱导的基因编辑的完善，应用以及着重于主要研究成果的结果。谷物和园艺作物。我们还将重点介绍当前的基因编辑作物监管全球政策框架。

更新日期：2021-02-22

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