ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether on ultra-long range (ULR) flights, perceived workload is an independent predictor of cabin crew fatigue at top-of-descent (TOD) and if so, to what degree it is associated with cabin crew fatigue relative to sleep-related factors.

Background: Current ULR scheduling for cabin crew is predominantly based on flight crew data. However, cabin crew workload is very different in nature to that of flight crew.

Method: Fifty-five cabin crew wore an actigraph and completed a sleep/duty diary to monitor sleep during a ULR trip. At TOD, crewmembers completed a 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), rated their sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and fatigue (Samn-Perelli Crew Status Check), and after landing their workload (NASA Task Load Index).

Results: When workload was perceived as higher, crewmembers felt more sleepy and fatigued and had more PVT lapses at TOD. The effect of workload on sleepiness was larger (Cohen’s ƒ² = .27) than the duration of wakefulness (Cohen’s ƒ² = .14), but the effect of workload on fatigue (Cohen’s ƒ² = .17) was smaller than the duration of wakefulness (Cohen’s ƒ² = .24). Lapses were not associated with sleep history, whereas workload had a small effect (Cohen’s ƒ² = .14).

Conclusion: Workload as a fatigue factor for cabin crew warrants ongoing monitoring. This can be achieved by including a workload question in fatigue reports as an essential component in Fatigue Risk Management Systems.

摘要

目的：本研究旨在确定在超远程（ULR）航班上，感知到的工作量是否是降落（TOD）时机舱人员疲劳的独立预测因子，如果是，则与机舱人员相关的程度如何疲劳与睡眠相关的因素有关。

背景：当前对机舱乘务员的超低空航行时间安排主要基于乘务员数据。但是，乘务员的工作量本质上与机组人员的工作量不同。

方法：五十五名乘务员戴上书法本，并完成了睡眠/当值日记，以监控ULR旅途中的睡眠。在TOD，机组人员完成了5分钟的心理运动警戒任务（PVT），对他们的困倦程度（Karolinska困倦量表）和疲劳进行了评估（Samn-Perelli机组状态检查），并在着陆工作负荷之后（NASA任务负荷指数）。

结果：当工作量被认为更高时，机组人员在TOD时会感到更加困倦和疲劳，PVT失误更多。上嗜睡工作量的效果是较大的（Cohen的ƒ ² = 0.27）比觉醒的持续时间（Cohen的ƒ ² = 0.14），但工作量对疲劳的效果（Cohen的ƒ ² = 0.17）比的持续时间小的觉醒（Cohen的ƒ ² = 0.24）。失误没有睡眠的历史有关，而工作量有一个小的影响（Cohen的ƒ ² = 0.14）。

结论：工作量是机舱人员的疲劳因素，因此需要进行持续监控。这可以通过在疲劳报告中包括工作量问题作为疲劳风险管理系统的基本组成部分来实现。