ABSTRACT Being a refugee or immigrant brings many difficulties that can detrimentally affect well-being. Participation in social life and feeling included in the host country can play an important role on well-being. This article aims to investigate the effects of religious participation and social inclusion on well-being levels of refugees and immigrants. Data were collected from 97 participants who were enrolled in voluntary Turkish language courses for refugees in Istanbul. Results of path analysis indicated that religious participation enhanced the level of social inclusion and social inclusion fostered existential well-being. Although religious participation demonstrated no direct effects on existential well-being, it showed a significant and positive indirect effect through social inclusion. Results of difference tests indicated that participants with higher level of education attended to religious activities significantly more often and their existential well-being and social inclusion levels were higher as well. Results also demonstrated that social inclusion scores of high attenders (to religious activities) were significantly higher.

中文翻译：

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宗教参与对土耳其穆斯林难民和移民的社会包容和生存幸福水平的影响

摘要 作为难民或移民会带来许多困难，这些困难会对福祉产生不利影响。参与社会生活和融入东道国的感觉可以对幸福感发挥重要作用。本文旨在调查宗教参与和社会包容对难民和移民福祉水平的影响。数据来自 97 名参加伊斯坦布尔难民自愿土耳其语课程的参与者。路径分析结果表明，宗教参与提高了社会包容水平，社会包容促进了生存福祉。尽管宗教参与对生存福祉没有直接影响，但它通过社会包容显示出显着和积极的间接影响。差异检验结果表明，受教育程度较高的参与者参加宗教活动的频率明显更高，其生存幸福感和社会包容水平也更高。结果还表明，高参加者（宗教活动）的社会包容分数显着更高。