We examine how task jointness and group incentive structures bear on the nature and strength of the affective and cognitive ties that people forge to a group. The argument is that affective group ties have stronger effects on social order than cognitive group ties. There are two general hypotheses. First, joint tasks generate stronger cognitive and affective ties to groups, whereas group incentives generate cognitive but not necessarily affective ties to the group. Second, affective ties more effectively solve two fundamental problems of social order in groups: (1) sustaining membership (also known as stay behavior) and (2) generating the joint gains of further collaboration (cooperation). The theoretical logic is that joint tasks promote a sense of shared responsibility, and this leads members to attribute their individual emotions to the group as an object, whereas alignment of individual and group incentives does not produce such effects. The theory and hypotheses are tested experimentally in four-person open interaction groups, manipulating task jointness (high, low, none) and incentives (individual based vs. group based). The results generally support the hypotheses underlying the theoretical logic. Affective ties to groups are based primarily on levels of task jointness, and such tasks have stronger effects than incentives on the capacity of groups to retain membership and induce cooperation in social dilemmas.

中文翻译：

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开放互动小组中小组关系的形成

我们研究了任务联合和团队激励结构如何影响人们与团队建立的情感和认知纽带的性质和强度。有观点认为，情感性的群体关系比认知的群体关系对社会秩序的影响更大。有两个普遍的假设。首先，联合任务与小组之间建立了更牢固的认知和情感联系，而小组激励则与小组之间产生了认知联系，但不一定是情感联系。第二，情感纽带更有效地解决了群体社会秩序的两个基本问题：（1）维持成员身份（也称为居留行为）；（2）产生进一步合作（合作）的共同收益。理论上的逻辑是，联合任务可以促进分担责任感，这导致成员将自己的个人情感归因于群体作为对象，而个人激励与群体激励的结合不会产生这种效果。该理论和假设在四人开放式互动小组中进行了实验检验，以操纵任务的联合（高，低，无）和激励措施（基于个人与基于小组）。结果通常支持理论逻辑基础的假设。与群体的情感联系主要基于任务联合的程度，与激励相比，这些任务对群体保留会员资格和引发社会困境方面的合作的激励作用更大。操纵任务的联合（高，低，无）和激励（基于个人与基于团队）。结果通常支持理论逻辑基础的假设。与群体的情感联系主要基于任务联合的程度，与激励相比，这些任务对群体保留会员资格和引发社会困境方面的合作的激励作用更大。操纵任务的联合（高，低，无）和激励（基于个人与基于小组）。结果通常支持理论逻辑基础的假设。与群体的情感联系主要基于任务联合的程度，与激励相比，这些任务对群体保留会员资格和引发社会困境方面的合作的激励作用更大。